Iodine Flashcards
Iodine is a ____ which tend to accept an electron in nature as a negatively charged ion
Halogen
T or F
Iodine is used as a topical agent because it has a broad spectrum of anti-infective actions against yeast, fungi, spores, bacteria, viruses, spores, and protozoa
True
What is the RDA for iodine for females and males 14-70?
150 mcg/d
What is the RDA for iodine for pregnant people <18 and 18-50?
220 mcg/d
What is the RDA for iodine for lactating people <18 and 18-50?
290 mcg/d
What is the typical range of intake for people?
100-200 mcg/ d for USA ppl
T or F
If you grew potatoes near the coast they would be higher in iodine
True
What are food sources of iodine?
Marine seafood
Table salt
Dairy foods (from cows feed/ soil grazing in)
Crab
Seaweed (kelp, nori, Wakame)
Table salt provides only ___% of dietary salt intake
15%
What are the colors of
Kelp=
Nori=
Wakame=
And how many mcg do each usually have?
Kelp= brown/ 2,500-10,000 mcg
Nori= red/ 20-200 mcg
Wakame= green/ 30-185 mcg
For pregnant women and children, the recommendation is to limit ____ to one serving per week
Brown seaweed
T or F
Dietary iodine is only found free in the body, if does not bind to amino acids
False
T or F
Iodine is absorbed in the small intestine
False, rapidly absorbed in stomach
What is the absorption rate of iodine?
90%
T or F
Iodine can be absorbed in the skin
True
Free iodine appears in the ____ and is capable of ____. Free iodine mostly appears in the ____
Bloodstream
Permeating all tissue
Thyroid
T or F
The kidneys have many mechanisms to conserve iodine
False, they have none
____ primarily influences your metabolism and protein synthesis
Thyroid gland
What are the thyroid hormones?
Triiodothyronine (T3) ) has 3 iodine
Thyroxine (T4) has 4 iodine
Thyroid hormone synthesis happens by the ____ secreting thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) which sends its signal to the ____ where it secreted the thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) which then reaches the _____
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid hormone receptor
What are the proteins that T3 and T4 are bound to in the blood?
Thyroxine binding globulin
Albumin
Transthyretin
T3 and T4 act on tissues such as the liver, kidney, ___, ___, and adipose tissue
Muscle (helps w/ contraction)
GI tract (helps w absorption/ digestion)
Thyroid hormones help with regulation of body temp by ____ and brain maturation because it’s crucial for ____
Increase heat production
Fetal neurodevelopment
T3 and T4 lead to increased in ____, ____, FFA metabolism/ glycolysis and glycogenesis, and ____
Tissue growth (protein synthesis)
Enhances lipolysis
Transcription
What concentration reflects the mass of thyroid tissue present and originates in the thyroid gland?
Thyroglobulin
Physical damage/ inflammation of the thyroid gland and the magnitude of thyrotropin receptor stimulation is reflected by the concentration of _____
Thyroglobulin
What reflects the health of the thyroid gland?
Thyroglobulin
What other nutrients are important for iodine function?
Vitamin A
Iron
Selenium
Why is vitamin A important for iodine?
Helps uptake iodine to thyroid gland
Why are iron and selenium important for iodine? What specifically helps?
Aid in production of thyroid hormone
Thyroid peroxidase (Fe)
5’-deiodinase (Se)
What is the RDA for selenium for people that are 14-70?
55 ug/d
What are the highest sources of selenium?
Beef
Chicken
Canned tuna
Shrimp
Brazil nuts (1 nut)
____ are substances that interfere with iodine metabolism to inhibit thyroid hormonogenesis
Goitrogens
Goitrogens can affect _____, production of thyroid hormone, and _____
Iodine update by the gland
Hormone release from thyroid cells
What are 3 examples of Goitrogens?
Glucosinolates
Goitrin
Lithium (in medications/ not food)
An example of glucosinolates is ___. Very high intake of ___/___ may cause hypothyroidism
Cruciferous vegetables
Brassica/ cruciferous vegetables
What are food sources of glucosinolates?
Cauilflower
Bok Choy
Kale
Cabbage
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
Vegans, those who follow a ____ diet, ____, ____, and certain areas of the world are all possible ppl with iodine deficiency
Low salt diet
Lactose deficient
Pregnancy/ lactation
T or F
Iodine status in the US is considered poor at the population level
False, considered sufficient
T or F
The percentage of women of childbearing age with iodine deficiency is decreasing
False, increasing
Why are thyroid hormones important to infants?
Influences metabolism and expression of genes of infant
What can iodine have an effect on in fetus’s?
Embryogenesis
Growth/ development of body
Neurological/ cognitive function
T or F
Iodine is important to the fetus growth, development, and proper neurological/ cognitive function
True
Possible problems of iodine deficiency are ____, goiter, ____, and ____
Hypothyroidism
Impaired fetus cognitive development
Cretinism
Symptoms of cretinism are ____, ____, poor feeding habits, ___, and others
Hypotonia (reduced muscle tone/ more weakness)
Thick/ increased tongue
Short physique
T or F
The endocrine system is a collection of glands and organs that produce hormones that regulate metabolism among other things
True
Which of the following are high food sources for iodine?
A. Cows milk
B. Most fast food
C. Cows milk
D. Two correct
E. All correct
A
T or F
An iodine deficiency can cause a toxic goiter
True
Which of the following are symptoms of hypothyroidism?
A. Weight gain
B. Heavy menstrual bleeding/ irregular periods
C. Low energy levels
D. Two correct
E. All correct
E
Which are correct?
A. Supplements contains seaweed are not always reliable with regard to the amount of iodine contained within
B. The hypothalamus is found in the brain and produced thy rotor pin releasing hormone
C. Thyroid peroxidase contains the mineral Se as a cofactor
D. Two correct
E. All correct
D
Which of the following are functions of iodine?
A. Aids in glycogenesis
B. Protein degradation
C. Enhances lipolysis
D. Two correct
E. All correct
C
T or F
Cows milk is high in iodine because they treat the utters of cows with iodine to act as an antiseptic
True
Which of the following are correct statements about iodine deficiency?
A. Goitrin found in cruciferous veggies can increase iodine deficiency
B. It can impair cognitive development of developing fetus
C. Cretinism is reversible after birth
D. Two correct
E. All correct
B
T or F
Thyroglobulin is important for maintaining the uptake of T3/T4 into the cell for DNA transcription
False
T or F
Very high intakes of cruciferous veggies over long periods of time May cause hypothyroidism
True
T or F
Zinc, vitamin A, and iodine can all act as transcription factors
True
