Immune System Flashcards
What are the primary organs of the immune system?
Bone marrow
Thymus
What are the secondary organs of the immune system?
Spleen
Lymph nodes
GALT (gut associated lymphatic tissue)
The immune system requires energy, ____, _____, healthy micro biome, ____, and non nutrients to function properly
Macronutrients
Selected micronutrients
Probiotics/ prebiotics
Where do all immune cells arise and mature?
Bone marrow
Where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
What are the two parts of the immune system?
Innate (natural)
Adaptive (acquired)
Helps enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocyte cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogens cell membrane
Complement proteins
What type of protein in the blood is mostly synthesized by the liver? What’s an example?
Complement protein
Cytokines
What type of protein is synthesized by monocytes, macrophages, and many other cells types
Cytokines
What are the types of cytokines and their abbreviation?
Interleukins (IL)
Interferons (IFN)
Tumor necrosis factor (TNFa)
What are the pro inflammatory cytokines?
Some interleukins (IL-1, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-6)
Interferon
Tumor necrosis factor
What are the anti-inflammatory cytokines?
IL-4
IL-10
IL-13
What is the function of the complement protein phagocytosis?
Coat intruders
Attack phagocytes
What is the function of complement proteins membrane attack?
Rupturing cell wall of bacteria
What is the function of complement proteins inflammation?
Attracting macrophages and neutrophil
What is the defense reaction of the body against injury that involves redness/ heat, swelling, pain, and impaired body function?
Inflammation
What type of protein is found in the blood and released in response to inflammation?
CRP or C-reactive protein
where is CRP synthesized?
In liver in response to factors released by macrophages and fat cells
Examples of chronic states include type 1 and 2 diabetes, allergies, ____, _____,_____, central adiposity and others
Arthritis
Metabolic syndrome
Crohn’s disease
T or F
Possible complications of inflammation are CVD, NAFLD, cancer, and dementia
True
B-lymphocytes are characterized by their ability to produce ____ and they mainly deal with extracellular _____
Antibodies
Pathogens
What are the 5 major classes of B-cells?
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD
T or F
T cells neutralize toxins/ microorganisms and activate complement proteins
False, B cells do that
Do T or B cells form a communication between the innate and acquired immune systems?
B cells
T or F
T-cells can recognize any type of antigens
False, can only recognize antigens presented to them
What type of cell presents antigens to T-cells?
Antigen presenting cell
Genetics, ___, exercise, ____,_____,_____, age, smoking, ____, ____, and nutritional status are all factors affecting the immune system
Sex
Central adipose
Chronic disease
Breastfeeding
Alcohol
Gut microbiota
Which of the following are part of the adaptive immune system?
A. Immunoglobulins
B. Monocytes
C. Granulocytes
D. All correct
E. None correct
A
T or F
Central adiposity causes chronic low grade inflammation
True
T or F
Reduced appetite during illness can come from a lack of Zn and Cu
False
Which of the following are part of the innate immune system?
A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Skin
C. Phagocytes
D. All correct
E. None correct
D
T or F
The three principle types of T-lymphocytes are cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells, and regulator T-cells
True
What produces antibodies?
Plasma B cells
T or F
More protein is needed during infection partly due to the increase in production of antibodies and other immune cells
True
T or F
Humoral immunity represents B and T cells
False
T or F
Fiber plays no function in the immune system
False
T or F
The immune system fights parasites, bacteria, and fungi
True
T or F
Inflammation only has negative effects on the body
False
