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Mycology and Virology > Yeast and Fungi characteristics > Flashcards

Yeast and Fungi characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Flora of skin, mucous membrane, and gastrointestinal tract, Dimorphic fungi which produce yeast and hyphae

A

Candida albicans

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2
Q

Candida chromagar green

A

C. albicans

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3
Q

Candida chromagar blue

A

C. tropicalis

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4
Q

Candida chromagar white (fungemia in neonatal ICU)

A

C. parapsilosis

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5
Q

Candida chromagar pink/purple

A

C. glabrata

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6
Q

Risk factors for Candida albicans

A

Pregnancy, Newborn, HIV, Diabetes, Malnutrition, Prolonged use of antibiotics, Chemotherapy

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7
Q

Disease caused by C. albicans

A

Thrush, Moniliasis, Oroesophageal candidiasis, Intertriginous candidiasis, Paronychia, Respiratory infections, Eye infection, Endocarditis, Meningitis

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8
Q

Germ tube test

A

0.05mL serum + yeast (35-37˚C for 1-3 hrs) (POSITIVE - no constriction/tube-like projections)

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9
Q

Chlamydospore formation confirmatory test

A

Cornmeal agar (Room temperature for 2-3 days)

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10
Q

Produces chlamydospore, blastoconidia, pseudohyphae and true hyphae

A

Candida albicans

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11
Q

Transmitted through pigeon droppings via inhalation by humans

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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12
Q

Virulence factor of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Capsule (anti-phagocytic), Phenoloxidase (melanin production)

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13
Q

Disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Meningitis and Torulosis (opportunistic)

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14
Q

Screening test for C. neoformans

A

India ink of CSF (yeast with halo +), Inositol, Urease, Nitrate assimilation, Phenol oxidase, Birdseed agar + Latex agglutination (w/ CSF)

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15
Q

Detects CAD (cryptococcal antigen)

A

Latex agglutination test

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16
Q

Bright salmon pink color

A

Rhodotorula spp

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17
Q

Causes opportunistic infections and is rare

A

Rhodotorula spp

18
Q

Resemblance cryptococcus; have capsule and are urease positive

A

Rhodotorula spp

19
Q

Common yeast used in baking and food products

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

20
Q

Benefit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A

Used in probiotics for treating antibiotic-resistant diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and malabsorption syndrome

21
Q

Fungi that are like protozoa with 3 stages: 1. Trophozoite (irregular shaped), 2. Precyst, 3. Cyst (infective stage)

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

22
Q

Infective stage of P. jirovecii

A

Cyst with up to 8 intracystic bodies (punched-out appearance)

23
Q

Pneumocystis found in rats

A

Pneumocystis carinii

24
Q

Primary pneumonia of AIDS patients

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

25
Q

Specimen for P. jirovecii diagnosis

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, transbronchial biopsy, tracheal aspirate, pleural fluid, induced sputum

26
Q

Staining methods for P. jirovecii

A

Giemsa, Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS), Calcofluor

27
Q

Malassezia furfur

A

Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor)

28
Q

Malassezia furfur appearance

A

Fawn-colored liver spots or patches in skin

29
Q

Sample for Malassezia furfur

A

Skin scraping at room temperature

30
Q

Test for Malassezia furfur

A

10% KOH (dandruff), spaghetti and meatball appearance on SDA with olive oil (lipids), Wood’s lamp

31
Q

Piedraia hortae

A

Black piedra, hard, dark brown to black gritty nodules in hair shaft

32
Q

Sample for Piedraia hortae

A

Hair sample at room temperature, 10% KOH

33
Q

Trichosporon spp. T. asahii

A

Immunocompromised patients

34
Q

Trichosporon spp. T. mucoides

A

Meningitis

35
Q

Trichosporon spp. appearance

A

White piedra, soft white nodules in hair shaft

36
Q

Sample for Trichosporon spp.

A

Hair, 10% KOH

37
Q

Test for Trichosporon spp.

A

KNO3, CHO assimilation (Non-fermenter), Urease positive

38
Q

Hortaea werneckii

A

Tinea nigra

39
Q

Hortaea werneckii appearance

A

Brown to black non-scaly macules, most often on palms and soles

40
Q

Sample for Hortaea werneckii

A

Skin scraping, 10% KOH

Mycology and Virology (16 decks)

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