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Mycology and Virology > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses of the Virology division of the International Union of Microbiological societies responsible for viral taxonomy

A

ICTV

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2
Q

A characteristic of a virus in which only certain hosts can be infected

A

Tropism

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3
Q

A virus particle that contains nucleic acid core and protein coat; others have additional lipid envelope

A

Virion

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4
Q

Either DNA or RNA (Basis of Virus classification); encodes proteins for viral replication

A

Nucleic acid/ Viral genome

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5
Q

Protein shell or coat that protects the nucleic acid

A

Capsid

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6
Q

The basic protein building blocks of a coat

A

Protomer/Structural unit

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7
Q

A nucleic acid genome surrounded by a symmetric protein coat

A

Nucleocapsid

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8
Q

Repeating symmetrical structural subunits of capsid; forms the viral capsid shape (Icosahedral/Helical/Complex)

A

Capsomere

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9
Q

A capsid structure that is cubical and have 20 flat sides

A

Icosahedral

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10
Q

A capsid structure that is spiral in shape

A

Helical

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11
Q

Composed of lipids responsible for viral entry into the host cell

A

Envelope

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12
Q

Inserted within the envelope (e.g. hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, or glycoprotein spikes)

A

Viral proteins

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13
Q

Located between envelope and nucleocapsid; has enzymes that contribute to viral infection

A

Matrix protein

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14
Q

Composed of glycoprotein that are present in some viruses; acts as virus receptor and facilitates in virus entry to the host cell

A

Viral spikes/Peplomer

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15
Q

Viruses that do not have envelope (more resistant to environmental factors & disinfectants, usually Fecal-Oral route)

A

Non-enveloped viruses/Naked

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16
Q

Viruses that have envelope (more sensitive to environmental factors & disinfectants)

A

Enveloped viruses

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17
Q

Minor changes that occur continuously over time as the virus replicates

A

Antigenic drift

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18
Q

Major changes that result in novel viral antigens

A

Antigenic shift

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19
Q

Refers to a single change in a virus’s genome (genetic code)

A

Mutation

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20
Q

A virus with a genome formed by combining genetic material from different strains or species

A

Recombinant

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21
Q

A process in which the genomes of two SARS-CoV-2 variants (that have infected a person at the same time) combine during the viral replication process to form a new variant that is different from both parent lineages

A

Recombination

22
Q

A viral genome (genetic code) that may contain one or more mutations

A

Variant

23
Q

A variant that is under monitoring as it may pose further mutations that could lead to increase transmissibility, disease severity, and reduced treatment effectivity

A

Variant Being Monitored (VBM)

24
Q

A variant widely spreading in many places or countries due to mutations in the specific genetic markers associated to receptor binding, reduced neutralization by antibodies generated against previous infection or vaccination

A

Variant of Interest (VOI)

25
Q

A variant for which there is evidence of an increase in transmissibility, more severe disease (e.g., increased hospitalizations or deaths), significant reduction in neutralization by antibodies generated during previous infection or vaccination, reduced effectiveness of treatments or vaccines, or diagnostic detection failures

A

Variant of Concern (VOC)

26
Q

A variant of high consequence has clear evidence that prevention measures or medical countermeasures have significantly reduced the effectiveness compared to previously circulating variants

A

Variant of High Consequence (VOHC)

27
Q

A viral phase in which the virus is in the host cells and is in the resting state instead of replicating continuously

A

Temperate phage or prophage

28
Q

A stage of viral replication in which replication and expression of genetic material in the host cell occurs. No after virus replication, the cell lyses, caused by viral phage

A

Lytic stage

29
Q

Autoimmune pathogenesis: When pathogenic virus antigens cross-react with the antigens similar to the host tissues and immune reaction begins, over time, leading to impairment of host function

A

Autoimmune pathogenesis

30
Q

Transformation/Immortalization: When host cells express specific viral proteins affecting its cell cycle and resulting in dysregulation or uncontrolled cell proliferation

A

Transformation/Immortalization

31
Q

Oncogenic virus/Oncovirus: A virus that has the ability to stimulate uncontrolled growth of host cells (e.g. HPV)

A

Oncogenic virus/Oncovirus

32
Q

A viral genome (genetic code) that may contain one or more mutations

A

Variant

33
Q

A variant that is under monitoring as it may pose further mutations that could lead to increase transmissibility, disease severity, and reduced treatment effectivity

A

Variant Being Monitored (VBM)

34
Q

A variant widely spreading in many places or countries due to mutations in the specific genetic markers associated to receptor binding, reduced neutralization by antibodies generated against previous infection or vaccination

A

Variant of Interest (VOI)

35
Q

A variant for which there is evidence of an increase in transmissibility, more severe disease (e.g., increased hospitalizations or deaths), significant reduction in neutralization by antibodies generated during previous infection or vaccination, reduced effectiveness of treatments or vaccines, or diagnostic detection failures

A

Variant of Concern (VOC)

36
Q

A variant of high consequence has clear evidence that prevention measures or medical countermeasures have significantly reduced the effectiveness compared to previously circulating variants

A

Variant of High Consequence (VOHC)

37
Q

A viral phase in which the virus is in the host cells and is in the resting state instead of replicating continuously/Temperate phage or prophage

A

Lysogenic stage

38
Q

A stage of viral replication in which replication and expression of genetic material in the host cell occurs. No after virus replication, the cell lyses, caused by viral phage/Lytic stage

A

Eclipse stage

39
Q

When pathogenic virus antigens cross-react with the antigens similar to the host tissues and immune reaction begins, over time, leading to impairment of host function

A

Autoimmune pathogenesis

40
Q

When host cells express specific viral proteins affecting its cell cycle and resulting in dysregulation or uncontrolled cell proliferation

A

Transformation/Immortalization

41
Q

A virus that has the ability to stimulate uncontrolled growth of host cells (e.g. HPV)

A

Oncogenic virus/Oncovirus

42
Q

A multinucleated clump of cell from a fusion of infected host cells and additional nearby host cell/Hall of RSV no respiratory virus

A

Syncytia

43
Q

The indirect protection from an infectious disease that happens when a population is immune either through vaccination or immunity developed through previous infection

A

Herd immunity/Population immunity

44
Q

Virus that only cause disease in animals

A

Epizootic virus

45
Q

Viral replication stages: attachment, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release (cell lysis by naked virus; budding by enveloped viruses)

A

Viral replication stages

46
Q

Adsorption through glycoprotein spikes

A

Attachment

47
Q

Virus entry into the host cell

A

Penetration

48
Q

Capsid is removed and nucleic acid is released; basis of viral classification

A

Uncoating

49
Q

Transcription of nucleic acid and protein synthesis of DNA to RNA (eclipse stage)

A

Nucleic acid and protein synthesis

50
Q

Formation of capsid and genome

A

Assembly

51
Q

Cell lysis by Naked virus; Budding by Enveloped viruses (gets the host cells’ envelope)

A

Release

Mycology and Virology (16 decks)

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