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Mycology and Virology > Subcutaenous mycoses > Flashcards

Subcutaenous mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Rapidly growing, velvety, or cottony, olive to black colony; only saprophytic Cladosporium that cannot grow above 37°C

A

Cladosporium carrionii

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2
Q

Very slow-growing, black-brown, gray-black, or olive-gray colony with black aerial mycelium; velvety to cottony texture

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

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3
Q

Rapidly growing, olive-gray to black, dome-shaped, woolly or cottony colony; Phialides - vase-like

A

Phialophora verrucosa

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4
Q

Rapidly growing, moist, shiny, yeasty colony that later develops black, olive, velvety mycelium; grows well at 40°C but other dematiaceous fungi do not

A

Wangiella dermatitidis

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5
Q

Longstanding lesions have a cauliflower-like surface; M. tuberculosis in Lowenstein Jensen

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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6
Q

Moderately fast-growing, gray to black, moist, yeast-like colony with black woolly mycelium; grows at 37°C but not at 40°C

A

Exophiala jeanselmi

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7
Q

Dark, long-branching conidiophores, which give rise to chains of blastoconidia; septate hyphae

A

Cladosporium carrionii (microscopic appearance)

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8
Q

Mixed sporulation: predominant form is dark, septate hyphae with primary conidia developing at conidiophore tip. Secondary and tertiary conidia also formed, branching conidiophores with chains of conidia and flask-shaped phialides

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi (microscopic appearance)

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9
Q

Septate hyphae with short conidiophores that give rise to flask- or cup-shaped phialides; with collarettes; oval to cylindrical conidia in clusters at ends of phialides

A

Phialophora verrucosa (microscopic appearance)

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10
Q

Dark, budding yeast that later develops tube-like phialides that lack both collarettes and annellations; balls of one-celled, hyaline conidia located at openings of phialides

A

Wangiella dermatitidis (microscopic appearance)

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11
Q

Pale, brown conidiophores that form cylindrical annelids; one-celled hyaline conidia gather at tip of annelids

A

Exophiala jeanselmi (microscopic appearance)

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12
Q

Rapidly growing, cottony, white to gray colony with black reverse side; Eumycotic Mycetoma; chronic, granulomatous infection of subcutaneous and cutaneous tissues

A

Pseudoallescheria boydii/Scedosporium apiospermum

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13
Q

Sac-like cleistothecia (ascocarp) containing asci and ascospores, which are oval, pointed, and released when ascus ruptures

A

Pseudoallescheria boydii/Scedosporium apiospermum (teleomorph)

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14
Q

Golden-brown, elliptoid, single-celled conidia on tips of conidiophores

A

Pseudoallescheria boydii/Scedosporium apiospermum (anamorph)

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15
Q

Rapidly growing, white, pasty, moist colony that later becomes brown, black, wrinkled, or leathery; Sporotrichosis (Rose gardener’s disease)

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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16
Q

Dimorphic fungus; Mycelial form (25°C): narrow, septate hyphae with pyriform conidia arranged singly or in floweret/rosette arrangement; Yeast form (35°C–37°C): small, elliptoid budding, cigar-shaped yeast

A

Sporothrix schenckii (microscopic)

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17
Q

Microscopy: Asteroid bodies - basophilic yeast surrounded by eosinophilic material due to Ag-Ab reactions

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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18
Q

Rhinosporidiosis; lymphoid masses in nose and pharynx; Tissue Microscopy

A

Rhinosporidium (Aquaspersa) seeberi

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19
Q

Lobomycosis; Keloid-like subcutaneous nodule in extremities; Tissue Microscopy (multiple cells in chain)

A

Loboa loboi / Lacazia loboi

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20
Q

White soft granules

A

Acremonium, Curvularia, Fusarium (banana/sickle/crescent-shaped macroconidia), Pseudallescheria, Scedosporium

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21
Q

Black, soft granules

A

Exophiala spp.; Trematosphaeri grisea (old name Modurella grisea)

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22
Q

Black, hard granules; no. 1 cause of eumycotic mycetoma

A

Aspergillus, Modurella mycetomatis

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23
Q

Other names: North American Blastomycosis, Chicago disease, Gilchrist’s disease

A

Blastomycosis

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24
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis antigens

A

Antigens (A and B)

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25
Q

On Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), colony first white, waxy, yeast-like and later cottony with white aerial mycelium; turns tan to brown with age

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis (Mold phase)

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26
Q

On brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar with blood, colony cream to tan, waxy, and heaped or wrinkled; inhibited by chloramphenicol or cycloheximide

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis (Yeast phase)

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27
Q

Delicate, septate hyphae with round or pyriform conidia, seen as “lollipops” or pyriform conidia

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis (Microscopy)

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28
Q

Thick-walled, large Broad-based, budding yeast; broad isthmus at constriction

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis (Yeast form)

29
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis (Tests)

A

Blastomycin skin test; Exoantigen test

30
Q

Coccidioides immitis: Other names: San Joaquin Valley fever, Desert fever

A
31
Q

Coccidioides immitis antigens

A

Antigens: HS, HL, F

32
Q

Moist, gray membranous colony that develops white, cottony aerial mycelium (“cob-web colony”); turns tan to brown with age

A

Coccidioides immitis (Colony)

33
Q

Coarse, septate, branched hyphae that produce thick-walled, rectangular arthroconidia, that alternate with empty disjunctor cells

A

Coccidioides immitis (Hyphae)

34
Q

Large, round, thick-walled spherules with endospores observed in tissue and direct examination; not a true yeast

A

Coccidioides immitis (Spherules)

35
Q

Major biohazard (Laboratory-acquired infection); Spherulin antigen test; Coccidioidin skin test

A

Coccidioides immitis (Tests)

36
Q

Histoplasmosis / Darling’s disease, Spelunker’s disease / Cave disease

A

Inhalation of droppings from bat, bird guanos, chicken coops

37
Q

Antigens are quite similar to B. dermatitidis antigens; may yield false positive

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

38
Q

On SDA, white to brown or pink mold with fine, dense, fluffy texture; white, yellow, or tan reverse side

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (Mold phase)

39
Q

On BHI, moist, white to cream, heaped colony; may be inhibited by cycloheximide or chloramphenicol

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (Yeast phase)

40
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum (Microscopy - Mold form)

A

Septate hyphae with round to pyriform microconidia on short branches or directly on hyphal stalk; later, large, round, thick-walled knobby tuberculate forms

41
Q

EDTA Blood smear - Small, budding, round to oval yeast cells; intracellular to mononuclear cells with Giemsa or Wright’s stain; Microscopy: yeast cells in Wright/Giemsa stain inside monocytes or macrophages

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (Microscopy - Yeast form)

42
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum (Tests)

A

Histoplasmin skin test

43
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Antigens – 1,2,3

44
Q

Other names: Brazilian Blastomycosis, Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

45
Q

On SDA, white, glabrous, leathery colony; turns tan-brown with age; short aerial mycelium

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Colony - Mold Phase)

46
Q

On blood agar, cream to tan, moist, wrinkled colony; turns waxy with age

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Colony - Yeast Phase)

47
Q

Small, septate, branched hyphae with intercalary and terminal chlamydoconidia; few pyriform microconidia

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Microscopy - Mold Phase)

48
Q

Large, round to oval, thick-walled yeast cells with multiple buds that attach to mother cell by narrow constrictions; resembles a ‘ship’s wheel’

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Microscopy - Yeast Phase)

49
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Tests)

A

Microscopy (Multipolar budding/mariner’s house/wheel/Mickey Mouse head yeast cell); Exoantigen test; Serology

50
Q

Aspergillus species

A

Widespread in nature; Aspergillosis

51
Q

External otomycosis, Mycotic keratitis, Onychomycosis, Fungus ball (chest X-ray)

A

Aspergillus species

52
Q

Aflatoxin - food poisoning (e.g., peanut butter)

A

Aspergillus species (Toxin)

53
Q

Most frequently isolated; causes pulmonary, eye, CNS, and systemic infections

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

54
Q

Rapid growth within 2 days

A

Fluffy, granular, or powdery texture; pigment depends on species; Aspergillus species

55
Q

Aspergillus that is white to blue-green

A

A. fumigatus

56
Q

Aspergillus that is black

A

A. niger

57
Q

Aspergillus that is yellow to green

A

A. flavus

58
Q

Aspergillus that is tan to cinnamon

A

A. terreus

59
Q

Branching, septate hyphae that terminate in a conidiophore, which expands into a large, spherical vesicle. Vesicle is covered with sterigmata (stalks) and parallel chains of conidia cover the sterigmata

A

Aspergillus species (Microscopy)

60
Q

Aspergillus species (Specimen/Tests)

A

Specimen: Sputum, Aspirate; Microscopy, MRI/CT, X-ray

61
Q

Widespread in nature; causes Rhinocerebral mucormycosis, vascular invasion, thrombosis, and necrosis

A

Zygomycetes

62
Q

Coarse, woolly, fluffy, white to gray or brown mycelium with black or brown sporangium. Hyphae grow within 1–3 days and rapidly cover agar surface

A

Zygomycetes (Colony)

63
Q

Large, broad, nonseptate hyphae that produce horizontal runners (stolons) attaching at contact points via rootlike structures (rhizoids); sporangiophores arise in clusters at rhizoids and terminate in sporangia

A

Rhizopus

64
Q

Similar to Rhizopus; sporangiophores arise between nodes from which rhizoids are formed

A

Absidia

65
Q

No rhizoids - no rootlike structure

A

Mucor

66
Q

Zygomycetes (Specimen/Tests)

A

Common laboratory contaminant; Specimen: Tissue Aspirate; Microscopy

67
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

Includes Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, Sporothrix, Penicillium/Talaromyces, Emmonsia

68
Q

Inhalation of adiaspores leads to Adiaspiromycosis; cutaneous infection

A

Emmonsia spp

Mycology and Virology (16 decks)

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