ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AND SUSCEPTIBILIT

Question 1

Antifungal element used for Fluconazole, Amphotericin B (produced by Streptomyces nodosus)

Answer 1

Candida, Cryptococcus

(CaCry)

Question 2

Itaconazole, Ketoconazole

Answer 2

Systemic fungi (Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, Histoplasma, Talaromyces, Sporothrix)

Question 3

Terbinafine

Answer 3

Dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton)

Question 4

Selenium sulfide shampoos

Answer 4

Malassezia furfur, Trichophyton tonsurans

Question 5

Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir

Answer 5

Cytomegalovirus

Question 6

Remdesivir, Favipiravir

Answer 6

CoV (COVID-19)

Question 7

Efavirenz, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Emtricitabine, Atazanavir treatment is for

Answer 7

HIV

Question 8

Acyclovir (Zovirax), Foscarnet (Foscavir)

Answer 8

HSV/VZV

Question 9

Lamivudine, Adefovir, dipivoxil

Answer 9

Hepatitis B

Question 10

Amantadine, imantadine

Answer 10

Influenza A

Question 11

Zanamivir, Oseltamivir, and Peramivir

Answer 11

Influenza A and B

Question 12

Ribavirin

Answer 12

RSV

Question 13

Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir

Answer 13

HCV

Question 14

Pleconaril

Answer 14

Picornaviruses (enteroviruses, rhinoviruses)

Question 15

Inhibition of viral plaque formation in the presence of antiviral agent. IC50 - The concentration of antiviral drug that inhibits plaque formation by 50%.

Answer 15

Plaque Reduction Assay (PRA)

Question 16

When the virus is in the presence of an antiviral drug, only cells that are alive and viable take up a vital dye called Neutral red. Used for herpesviruses (CMV, VZV).

Answer 16

Dye uptake (DU) assay

Question 17

Spectrophotometric analysis to quantitatively measure the amount of viral activity. The concentration of antiviral agent that reduces the amount of absorbance. Used in influenza A, HSV, and VZV.

Answer 17

Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)

Question 18

Used to detect neuraminidase inhibition resistance when the drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir are used to treat influenza A and influenza B infections. Used for Influenza virus’s Neuraminidase protein. Fluorescence is quantitated by a fluorimeter.

Answer 18

Neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay

Question 19

Patient’s gene of interest + vector nucleic acid = Chimeric molecule or Pseudovirus (which is then tested in vitro against antiviral drugs). If the virus is susceptible to the antiviral, the light emission will decrease.

Answer 19

Recombinant virus assay (RVA)