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Mycology and Virology > DNA viruses > Flashcards

DNA viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest DNA - Naked Icosahedral SS; causes 5th disease, Aplastic anemia, Hydrops fetalis, Erythema infectiosum

A

Parvovirus B19 (Parvoviridae)

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2
Q

Parvoviridae Human bocavirus causes respiratory infections

A

Human bocavirus

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3
Q

Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes Warts, Cervical cancer

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV) (Papillomaviridae)

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4
Q

Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes PML

A

JC virus (Polyomaviridae)

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5
Q

Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

BK virus (Polyomaviridae)

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6
Q

Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes Merkel cell carcinoma

A

Merkel cell polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae)

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7
Q

Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes Trichodysplasia spinulosa

A

Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae)

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8
Q

Enveloped Pleomorphic DS, incomplete circular; Serum or Long-incubation Hepatitis

A

Hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae)

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9
Q

Naked Icosahedral DS; causes Conjunctivitis, Gastroenteritis, Respiratory infection

A

Adenovirus (Adenoviridae)

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10
Q

Enveloped Icosahedral DS, common congenital infection, cold sores

A

Herpes simplex virus 1 (Herpesviridae)

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11
Q

Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes Genital warts

A

Herpes simplex virus 2 (Herpesviridae)

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12
Q

Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes chicken pox, shingles

A

Varicella-Zoster virus (Herpesviridae)

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13
Q

Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes Fever, Pneumonia, Gastritis

A

Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae)

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14
Q

Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes Fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

A

Epstein-Barr virus (Herpesviridae)

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15
Q

Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes 6th disease, Exanthema subitum, Roseola infantum, Kaposi sarcoma

A

HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8 (KSHV) (Herpesviridae)

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16
Q

Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Smallpox

A

Variola virus (Poxviridae)

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17
Q

Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Pox-like, Keratitis

A

Vaccinia virus (Poxviridae)

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18
Q

Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Sore mouth disease in sheep or goats

A

Orf virus (Poxviridae)

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19
Q

Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Molluscum contagiosum

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus (Poxviridae)

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20
Q

Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Monkeypox

A

Monkeypox virus (Poxviridae)

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21
Q

All DNA viruses are double-stranded except

A

Parvoviridae

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22
Q

All DNA viruses are icosahedral except

A

Poxviridae (complex)

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23
Q

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except

A

Poxviridae (too large)

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24
Q

Congenital infections (STORCH) include

A

Syphilis, toxoplasma, others (s. agalactiae), rubella (german measles), CMV (cytomegalovirus), Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

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25
Q

Endemic countries for Hepatitis virus includes

A

Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and India

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26
Q

Hepatitis viruses: Infectious/non-chronic hepatitis; Primary transmission: Contaminated food/water/household contact; Other routes: Travel to endemic countries, sharing of needles in drug addicts, sexual (Men-to-men); Tests: HAV RNA through NAAT in stool/blood, IgM/IgG ELISA (common)

A

Hepatitis A

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27
Q

Pleomorphic, incomplete/partial dsDNA that replicates through RNA intermediate

A

Hepadnaviridae

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28
Q

Only DNA hepatitis virus

A

Hepatitis B

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29
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis B: Percutaneous inoculation, perinatal (mother to fetus), sexual; Incubation period: 1-3 months

A

Hepatitis B Transmission

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30
Q

Coinfection with Hepatitis D virus

A

Hepatitis B Coinfection

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31
Q

Infection with Hepatitis B: Mild, acute, or chronic; Complications lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hepatitis B Infection

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32
Q

Best indication of viral replication and high state infectivity through NAAT (PCR)

A

HBV DNA

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33
Q

Identification of Hepatitis B virus

A

HBsAg

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34
Q

Included in Hepatitis B panel: HbeAg, Anti-HBc IgM, Anti-HBsAg

A

Hepatitis B Panel

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35
Q

High infectivity, Chronic carrier state marker of Hepatitis B

A

HbeAg

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36
Q

Acute infection marker of Hepatitis B

A

Anti-HBc IgM

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37
Q

Convalescence, Vaccination, Developed Immunity for Hepatitis B

A

Anti-HBsAg

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38
Q

Liver parenchymal damage for Hepatitis B; Additional liver function tests

A

ALT, AST

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39
Q

Hepatitis deficient RNA virus that needs HBV to replicate in cells

A

Hepatitis D

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40
Q

Hepatitis C virus: Hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma; Screening

A

Anti-HCV EIA or NAAT

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41
Q

Waterborne Diseases

A

Giardia, Cryptosporidium, HEV

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42
Q

NAAT PCR hepatitis; Transmission: Consumption of drinking water contaminated with animal feces or potentially zoonotic; Disease: Acute and generally self-limiting with liver enlargement but no further disease progression

A

Hepatitis E

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43
Q

High fatality of Hepatitis E

A

3rd trimester; Avoid travels to HEV endemic areas like India, Pakistan

44
Q

Tests for Hepatitis E

A

IgM/IgG, ALT/AST

45
Q

Herpesviridae components

A

dsDNA, icosahedral capsid, tegument, envelope

46
Q

Unique hallmark characteristic of Herpesviridae

A

Latency; Reactivation causes: fever, emotional stress, UV light, axonal injury, immunocompromised hosts

47
Q

Other names for skin lesion caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2

A

Herpes labialis, facialis, febrilis

48
Q

Other names for skin lesion caused by HSV-1

A

Cold sores, Fever blister, Orolabial lesion, Oropharyngeal lesion

49
Q

Alpha herpesvirinae; Simplexvirus Oropharyngeal and genital lesions Neurons; Encephalitis, mucous membrane disease Rapid antigen, ELISA, PCR, Cell culture

A

HHV-1 Herpes simplex virus type 1

50
Q

Alpha herpesvirinae; Simplexvirus; Genital lesions (mucosa, labia, vagina; shaft, prepuce, glans) Neurons Aseptic meningitis, Mucous membrane vesicles; Rapid antigen, ELISA, PCR, Cell culture

A

HHV-2 Herpes simplex virus type 2

51
Q

Alpha herpesvirinae; Simplexvirus Vesicular lesion Neurons Meningoencephalitis NAAT

A

Herpes B virus

52
Q

Alpha herpesvirinae - Varicella-Zoster virus; Chicken pox Neurons

A

Varicellovirus HHV-3

53
Q

Accompanied by Postherpetic neuralgia (with chronic debilitating pain) = Microscopy: Scrape base of lesion and stain with Tzanck, Giemsa, or H&E NAAT, Cell culture

A

Shingles/Varicella-Zoster virus”

54
Q

Beta-herpesvirinae; Most common cause of congenital birth defects; Infectious mononucleosis - like illness. Glands, Kidneys, Multi-organ involvement, Sheds in saliva, urine, tears, stool, breast milk, semen Direct antigen, Serology, NAAT, Cell culture (HDF)- human diploid fibrolast owl’s eye appearance (reed-sternberg cells in hodgkin lymphoma)

A

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

55
Q

Roseolovirus; 6th disease, Exanthem subitum

A

HHV-6 Human herpesvirus 6

56
Q

Roseolovirus - Exanthem subitum

A

HHV-7 Human herpesvirus 7

57
Q

Pityriasis rosea, Graft-vs Host disease; PCR = HHV-6, HHV-7

A

HHV-6, HHV-7

58
Q

Gamma-herpesvirinae - Lympho-cryptovirus Infectious mononucleosis, Kissing disease, glandular fever; lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, Burkitt lymphoma

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr virus

59
Q

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; Kaposi-sarcoma = Rhadinovirus HHV-8

A

HHV-8 Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

60
Q

HPV koilocytes seen in which virus

A

HPV

61
Q

HPV type for plantar warts

A

HPV 1

62
Q

HPV type for common warts on hands

A

HPV 2, 4

63
Q

HPV type for genital warts

A

HPV 6, 11

64
Q

HPV types causing cervical cancer

A

HPV 16, 18

65
Q

Condylomata acuminata appearance

A

Cauliflower-shaped genital warts

66
Q

How to visualize cervical warts

A

Colposcopy (acetic acid application)

67
Q

Vaccine for HPV prevention

A

Gardasil

68
Q

Virus first isolated from adenoids and tonsils

A

Adenoviridae

69
Q

Adenovirus types causing gastroenteritis

A

Adenovirus 40, 41

70
Q

Adenovirus types causing keratitis/conjunctivitis

A

Adenoviridae

71
Q

Incubation period for adenovirus respiratory infection

A

2-14 days

72
Q

Incubation period for adenovirus gastroenteritis

A

3-10 days

73
Q

Transmission routes for adenovirus

A

Droplets, airborne, fecal-oral

74
Q

Adenovirus cytopathic effect

A

Grapelike cytopathic effect (hexon)

75
Q

Which type of animals does Parvovirus B19 infect

A

Warm-blooded animals

76
Q

Transmission routes for Parvovirus B19

A

Respiratory droplets, transplacental (vertical transmission)

77
Q

Replication site for Parvovirus B19

A

Erythroid progenitor cells, adult bone marrow, fetal liver cells

78
Q

Diseases caused by Parvovirus B19

A

Fifth disease, Slapped cheek syndrome, Erythema infectiosum, Aplastic crisis, Hydrops fetalis

79
Q

Phases of Parvovirus B19 illness

A

Biphasic illness: First phase (fever, malaise, myalgia, chills), Second phase (Rash, arthralgia)

80
Q

Tests for Parvovirus B19

A

NAAT, IgM/IgG ELISA

81
Q

Specimens for Parvovirus B19 testing

A

Blood, amniotic fluid, bone marrow

82
Q

JC virus full name

A

John Cunningham

83
Q

BK virus at-risk population

A

Renal transplant patients

84
Q

First human polyomavirus

A

JC virus / JCPyV

85
Q

Disease caused by JC virus

A

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

86
Q

Diagnostic test for JC virus

A

PCR - CSF, Brain biopsy

87
Q

Polyomavirus associated with hemorrhagic cystitis

A

BK virus / BKPyV

88
Q

Diagnostic test for BK virus

A

PCR - Urine

89
Q

Polyomavirus associated with skin cancer

A

Merkel cell virus / MCPyV

90
Q

Polyomavirus associated with skin disease

A

Trichodysplasia spinulosa virus / TSPyV

91
Q

Difference between MPOX Dade I and Dade II

A

Dade I - Ia and Ib (outbreaks in Africa, more infectious, severe, deadly); Dade II - IIa, IIb (milder, less severe, global outbreak)

92
Q

Characteristics of Poxviridae

A

Largest and most complex virus to humans

93
Q

Poxviridae shape and inclusion bodies

A

Oval or Brick-shaped; Guarineri inclusion bodies

94
Q

Virus causing severe smallpox

A

Variola major

95
Q

Virus causing less severe smallpox

A

Variola minor

96
Q

Virus transmitted through oropharynx, nasopharynx, or skin abrasion

A

Monkeypox

97
Q

Symptoms of Monkeypox

A

Fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, rash on face appears first

98
Q

Monkeypox disease progression

A

Incubation period (5-21 days) → Febrile stage → Rash stage → Recovery

99
Q

Best test for diagnosing Monkeypox

A

Real-time PCR of OPS/NPS (best sample - vesicle fluid, Lesion swab/crusts)

100
Q

Monkeypox vaccine type

A

Mpox live attenuated vaccinia virus

101
Q

Virus causing water warts

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus

102
Q

Transmission of Molluscum contagiosum virus

A

Direct contact, fomites, or sexual contact

103
Q

Virus causing painful nodules on hands from sheep to humans

A

Orf virus

104
Q

Orf virus transmission

A

From sheep to humans

105
Q

Symptoms of Orf virus infection

A

Single or multiple painful nodules in hands

Mycology and Virology (16 decks)

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