Year 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery

Question 1

options for removing a lung tumour

Answer 1

segmentectomy/ wedge resection
lobectomy
pneumonectomy

Question 2

three main thoracotomy incisions

Answer 2

1. Anterolateral thoracotomy
2. Axillary thoracotomy
3. Posterolateral thoracotomy

Question 3

what does a right-sided mini thoracotomy indicate?

Answer 3

mitral valve surgery

Question 4

lung transplant incisions

Answer 4

• Lateral thoracotomy incision for single lung
• Midline sternotomy incision for heart transplant
• Clamshell for bilateral lung transplant.

Question 5

how much time for donor transplant?

Answer 5

<6 hours from time of death

Question 6

key complication of heart transplant?

Answer 6

cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) which involves narrowing of the coronary arteries in the heart. No nerve innervation so patients cannot feel it so they need regular

can get post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

Question 7

monitoring after heart transplant

Answer 7

ECHOs to monitor for cardiac allograft vasculopathy

Question 8

key complications of lung transplants

Answer 8

primary graft dysfunction
bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (1 year)
dehiscence of the bronchial anastomosis