4th Year Asthma and COPD

Question 1

asthma investigations

Answer 1

spirometry with bronchodilator reversibility
peak flow
fractional exhaled NO
direct bronchial challenge

Question 2

what result in fractional exhaled NO can indicate asthma?

Answer 2

> 40ppb is indicative of asthma

Question 3

what is the direct bronchial challenge?

Answer 3

direct challenge with histamine or methacholine

Question 4

inhaler technique method?

Answer 4

Papworth method

Question 5

what is the Papworth method?

Answer 5

diaphragm breathing

Question 6

what is clenil modulate?

Answer 6

beclomethasone

Question 7

what is pulmicort?

Answer 7

budesonide

Question 8

what is flixotide?

Answer 8

fluticasone

Question 9

moderate acute asthma grading?

Answer 9

PEFR 50-75%

Question 10

severe acute asthma grading

Answer 10

33-50% PEFR (resp rate >25, HR >110, unable to complete sentences)

Question 11

life-threatening asthma grading

Answer 11

<33% PEFR (sats <92%, tired, silent chest)

Question 12

pink puffers

Answer 12

emphysema
breathless but not cyanosed
type 1 resp failure, normal CO2

Question 13

blue bloaters

Answer 13

chronic bronchitis
cyanosed but not breathless
risks type 2 respiratory failure

Question 14

ECG in cor pulmonale?

Answer 14

enlarged right atria and ventricle

Question 15

what is the BODE index?

Answer 15

factors taken into account to assess severity and number of exacerbations in COPD

Question 16

what is in the BODE index?

Answer 16

BMI
obstruction to the airflow
dyspnoea
exercise capacity

Question 17

classification of COPD?

Answer 17

MRC dyspnoea scale

GOLD classification

Question 18

MILD GOLD classification

Answer 18

80% or more of predicted FEV1

Question 19

MODERATE GOLD classification

Answer 19

50-79% of predicted FEV1

Question 20

SEVERE GOLD classification

Answer 20

30-49% predicted FEV1

Question 21

VERY SEVERE GOLD classification

Answer 21

<30% predicted FEV1

Question 22

what is the FEV1 based on in the GOLD classification?

Answer 22

post-bronchodilator

Question 23

TLCO in COPD

Answer 23

decreased

Question 24

TLCO in asthma

Answer 24

increased

Question 25

what is carbocisteine?

Answer 25

oral mucolytic

Question 26

when is long-term oxygen therapy used?

Answer 26

chronic hypoxia
polycythaemia
cyanosis
heart failure

Question 27

when can long-term oxygen therapy not be used?

Answer 27

if they smoke