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Respiratory: Key Information > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

define coryza and its causes

A

common cold caused by adenovirus, rhinovirus or RSV

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2
Q

define rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal mucosa, can be allergic, non-allergic or mixed

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3
Q

presentation of rhinitis

A
  • rhinorrhoea (watery mucus accumulation in the nasal cavity)
  • sneezing
  • itching
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4
Q

diagnosis for rhinitis

A

skin prick unless active eczema then do IgE antibodies

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5
Q

management of rhinitis

A
  • avoid trigger
  • antihistamines e.g. loratadine or cetirizine
  • glucocorticoids e.g. beclomethasone
  • vasoconstrictors
  • sodium cromoglicate
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6
Q

define diphtheria

A

infection with corynebacterium diphtheriae which produces the characteristic pseudomembrane

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7
Q

gram stain of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

gram +ve bacillus

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8
Q

is there a vaccine for diphtheria?

A

yes

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9
Q

define whooping cough

A

infection with bordetella pertussis

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10
Q

gram stain of bordetella pertussis

A

gram -ve coccobacillus

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11
Q

presentation of bordetella pertussis

A
  • violent cough with inspiratory whoop

- vomiting common

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12
Q

diagnosis of bordetella pertussis

A

culture and PCR of nasal swab

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13
Q

management of bordetella pertussis

A
  • younger than 1= clarithromycin
  • older than 1= clarithromycin/azithromycin
  • pregnant= erythromycin
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14
Q

define pneumonia

A

infection of the alveoli in the lungs

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15
Q

presentation of pneumonia

A
  • cough
  • malaise
  • fever
  • haemoptysis
  • pleural rub (crackles)
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16
Q

which bacteria in pneumonia presents with extra pulmonary symptoms?

A

mycoplasma

  • headaches
  • malaise
  • myalgia
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17
Q

diagnosis of pneumonia

A
  • CURB65
  • serology and blood culture
  • PCR swabs for mycoplasma
  • CXR PA
  • urinary antigen for legionella
  • pulse oximetry for severity
18
Q

management of pneumocystis jirovecii

A

co-trimoxazole and prednisolone

19
Q

management for mycoplasma, coxiella and psittaci

A

tetracyclines (doxycycline) ad macrocodes (clarithromycin)

20
Q

management of legionella

A

clarithromycin, erythromycin and levofloxacin

21
Q

klebsiella associations

A
  • alcoholics

- poor dental hygiene

22
Q

haemophilus influenza association

A

pre-existing lung condition

23
Q

mucoid sputum

A

chlamydia psittaci

24
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

25
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

26
Q

define influenza

A

infection with influenza A, B, haemophilus influenza or parainfluenza

27
Q

presentation of influenza

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • headache
  • prostration (extreme weakness)
28
Q

influenza diagnosis

A

PCR of nasopharyngeal or throat swabs

29
Q

management of influenza

A
  • bed rest, fluids
  • immunisations
  • antivirals e.g. oseltamivir or zanamivir
30
Q

define bronchiolitis

A

infection in childhood with RSV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, etc.

31
Q

presentation of bronchiolitis

A
  • below 2 years
  • fever
  • coryza
  • poor feeding
32
Q

diagnosis of bronchiolitis

A
  • pulse oximetry (severity)

- ELISA for antigen detection

33
Q

management of bronchiolitis

A
  • supportive
  • infection control e.g. cohort nursing
  • palivizumab
34
Q

define croup

A

viral infection of the upper airway in children

35
Q

presentation of croup

A
  • barking cough
  • fever
  • stridor
  • hoarse voice
  • laboured breathing
36
Q

diagnosis of croup

A
  • CXR (steeple sign)
37
Q

management of croup

A

steroids e.g. dexamethasone

38
Q

define epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis cause by H. influenza B

39
Q

presentation of epiglottitis

A

fever
airway obstruction
children under 5

40
Q

diagnosis of epiglottitis

A
  • CXR or lateral neck radiograph shows thumbprint sign
41
Q

management of epiglottitis

A

ET intubation

antibiotics e.g. ceftazidine

Respiratory: Key Information (32 decks)

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