Asthma and COPD Flashcards
1
Q
three characteristics of asthma
A
- reversible airflow obstruction
- airway hypersensitivity
- airway inflammation
2
Q
what is often associated with asthma
A
associated atopy (skin prick test for IgE)
3
Q
how does asthma present?
A
- non productive cough
- wheeze
- chest tightness
- interrupted sleep (nocturnal asthma = LABA)
4
Q
pulmonary function tests for asthma
A
- reduced PEFR
- FEV1/FVC <75% due to reduced FEV1 (>15% improvement with salbutamol)
5
Q
management for asthma
A
- SABA
- SABA + ICS
- SABA + ICS + LABA
- additional therapy e.g. LTRA, methylxanthines, LAMA
- oral steroids
6
Q
acute management of asthma
A
Oxygen non-rebreather mask Salbutamol Hydrocortisone or prednisolone Ipratropium Theophylline or aminophylline Magnesium Anaesthetist Need assistance
7
Q
what is COPD and the two categories?
A
this is a progressive airway disease characterised by airflow limitation
- emphysema: abnormal permanent dilation of the alveoli
- chronic bronchitis: inadequate ventilation of alveoli (cyanosed)
8
Q
presentation of COPD
A
- productive cough
- SOB
- wheeze
- reduced breath sounds
9
Q
diagnosis of COPD
A
- smoking history
- reduced PEFR
- spirometry shows <75% FEV1/FVC, reduced FEV1 and reduced FVC (<15% to salbutamol)
- CXR shows hyperinflation
10
Q
non-pharmacological management of COPD
A
- smoking cessation
- lifestyle
- immunisations
11
Q
pharmacological management of COPD
A
- LABA or LAMA
- LABA/LAMA
- LABA/ICS
- LABA/LAMA/ICS
12
Q
causative organisms of an acute exacerbation of COPD
A
- haemophilus influenza
- pneumococcus
13
Q
presentation of acute exacerbation of COPD
A
- increased sputum purulence
- coarse crackles
- increasing SOB
- fever
14
Q
diagnosis of acute exacerbation of COPD
A
- sputum culture
- legionella antigen test
15
Q
acute management of an acute exacerbation of COPD
A
ipratropium Salbutamol Oxygen Amoxicillin (second line is doxycycline)- only use antibiotics if increased sputum purulence or consolidation of CXR or signs of pneumonia Prednisolone
