Xtra Chat Questions Flashcards
The most common types of childhood cancers are :
Leukemia
Sarcomas
Embryonic tumors
Most common childhood cancers originator from the ______ germ layer.
Mesodermal
The extra cellular fluid volume is divided between what two compartments .
Vascular and interstitial
The control of body temperature is a function of centers located in the
Hypothalamus
The glial cells in the spinal cord and brain produce ________ and participate in the _______ process.
Cytokines ; pain
What is the most common cause of dementia?
Alzheimer’s disease
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
Olfactory
Repeated administration of a stimulus resulting in the progressive amplification of a response is known as
Central Sensitization
The __________ systems work to respond to stress and injury to the body.
Neuroendicrineimmune systems
An evaluation for joint pain and a rash on patients cheeks requires an antinuclear antibody screen. This test measures for _______.
Autoimmunity
_______ transport mechanisms transport substances against or up the concentration gradient.
Active transport
What hormone is involved in the communication between the nervous system and the immune system ?
Cortisol
Can’t live without it !
Where is cortisol produced ?
Adrenal cortex
If a patient cannot make their own cortisol what does the provider do?
Prescribe it every day as a replacement dose.
What cells are known as immune cells ?
T cells & B cells
An immunodeficiency syndrome such as AIDS can be manifested by:
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
What kind of disease is pneumocystis carinii?
Opportunistic
Name 3 parts of the neuron
Dendrite
Cell body
Axon
What kind of hypersensitive response is life threatening?
Anaphylaxis
Stem cells have the capability of forming :
Erythrocytes and neutrophils
If a person has a complete transection at the level of the 2nd cervical vertebrate - what is the result?
Respiratory arrest –> death
What is NOT synthesized on the mitochondria?
Lipids and proteins
Which age group is most at risk when they get influenza ?
Infants and geriatrics
A neural pathway that controls the action reflex is the
Reflex arc
Allows reflex actions to occur quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain.
A child develops cancer. Which of the following is the BEST description for this cancer ?
A. The embryonic tumors originate after birth
B. They most commonly affect the brain
C. They originate from the mesodermal layer
D. The most common is lung cancer.
C. They originate from the mesodermal layer.
Which of the following is the most common malignancy in children? A. Leukemia B. Nervous system C. Kidney D. Soft tissue
A. Leukemia
Which of the following is involved in pain transmission? A. Posterior horn B. Substantia gelatinosa C. Anterior horn D. Dorsal root ganglia
B. Substantia gelatinosa
Which of the following is NOT a class of second order neurons found in the dorsal horn? A. Projection cells B. Nociceptor cells C. Excitatory interneurons D. Inhibitory interneurons
B. Nociceptor cells
Which part of the brain is responsible for temperature regulation? A. Thalamus B. Medulla C. Hypothalamus D. Limbic system
C. Hypothalamus
Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms in the dementing process?
A. Degeneration possibly caused by genetics
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Trauma
D. Decreased intracranial pressure
D. Decreased intracranial pressure
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the epidemiology of an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
A. CVAs are the leading cause of disability in the United States
B. CVAs are the leading cause of death
C. Fifty percent of all stroke victims have a second stroke within a year
D. There are 2 million stroke victims a year.
A. CVAs are the leading cause of disability in the United States
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for a CVA ? A. Arterial hypertension B. Smoking C. Diabetes D. Obesity
D. Obesity
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding hemorrhagic stroke?
A. It is the most common cause of CVA
B. It accounts for 50% of all CVAs
C. The most common cause of hemorrhagic stoke is hypertension
D. It is often caused by microinfarct
C. The most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke is hypertension
Which of the following types of migraine is the most common? A. Migraine without aura B. Migraine with prolonged aura C. Retinal migraine D. Complicated migraine
A. Migraine without aura
Which of the following is true regarding migraine?
A. The diagnosis is made on the basis of a head CT scan
B. Migraines occur most frequently before and during menses
C. Migraine is not linked with any other disorder
D. Drug therapy always includes narcotics
B. Migraines occur most frequently before and during menses
A person experiences facial paresis following bacterial meningitis. Which of the following cranial nerves is most likely affected? A. Cranial nerve III B. Cranial nerve II C. Cranial nerve VII D. Cranial nerve VIII
C. Cranial nerve VII
Which of the following is true regarding multiple sclerosis ?
A. Uncommon disease
B. Affects gray matter
C. Involves the central nervous system only
D. Is a demyelinating disorder
D. Is a demyelinating disorder
Genotype:
Gene combination
Genetic makeup
