Chapter 11: Tx of Cancer

Question 1

Which of the following characterizes cancer cells?

a. highly differentiated
b. unlimited life span
c. mature cellular organization
d. extensive anchoring junction

Answer 1

b. unlimited life span

Question 2

anaplasia refers to :

a. atypical mitosis
b. lack of cellular differentiation
c. tendency to develop necrosis
d. uncontrolled cell growth

Answer 2

b. lack of cellular differentiation

Question 3

carcinoma in situ:

a. has a connective tissue origin
b. arises from lympathic tissue
c. arises from bone marrow
d. refers to preinvasive epithelial tumors
e. tumors break through basement membranes of the epithelium

Answer 3

d. refers to preinvasive epithelial tumors

Question 4

an adenoma is:

a. malignant
b. glandular epithelial neoplasm
c. a teratoma
d. an epithelial tumor

Answer 4

b. glandular epithelial neoplasm

Question 5

Infectious mononucleosis arises from :

a. glandular epithelium
b. blood vessels
c. glial tissue
d. lymphoid tissue

Answer 5

d. lymphoid tissue

Question 6

Tumor-suppressor genes:

a. have the ability to transform a normal cell into a cancerous cell
b. regulate growth and development
c. produce proteins that inhibit cellular division
d. can develop from pro to-oncogenes

Answer 6

c. produce proteins that inhibit cellular division

Question 7

Malignant tumors:

a. resemble their tissue of origin
b. exhibit cellular cohesiveness
c. have expansive growth modes
d. have infiltrative growth modes

Answer 7

d. have infiltrative growth modes

Question 8

Tumor suppressor genes are inactivated by:

a. cellular self destruction
b. loss of heterozygosity
c. demethylation of DNA
d. apoptosis

Answer 8

b. loss of heterozygosity

Question 9

Fill in the blank:

The cause of the majority of gastric lymphomas is _____

Answer 9

h. pylori

Question 10

Fill in the blank:

_____ is involved whenever a normal cell becomes cancerous

Answer 10

transformation

Question 11

Fill in the blank:

Insulin like growth factor regulates cell proliferation and inhibits _____

Answer 11

apoptosis

Question 12

Fill in the blank:

The variable size and shape of cancerous cells is _____

Answer 12

pleomorphism

Question 13

Fill in the blank:

The tumor marker ACTH suggests the possibility of a ______ tumor

Answer 13

pituitary

Question 14

Fill in the blank:
Other than germ cells, body cells do not posses the ability to divide an unlimited number of times. Cancer cells activate _______ to maintain and restore _____ so cells can divide over and over again.

Answer 14

telomerase, telomeres

Question 15

Tumor spread depends on:

a. the growth rate of tumor and its degree of differentiation
b. unknown factors
c. the presence or absence of anatomic barriers
d. All of the above are correct

Answer 15

d. All of the above are correct

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence during the process of metastasis?

a. Vascularization, adherence of neoplastic cells, invasion into lymph & vascular systems
b. Transport, vascularization, adherence of neoplastic cells
c. Cell detachment, invasion into lymph and vascular systems, migration.
d. Vascularization, extravasation, transport

Answer 16

c. Cell detachment, invasion into lymph and vascular systems, migration.

Question 17

For metastasis to occur, local invasive factors require all of the following except:

a. cellular loss from tumor
b. fingerlike projections
c. lytic enzyme release
d. increased cellular adhesion
e. increased individual tumor cells

Answer 17

d. increased cellular adhesion

Question 18

Known routes for metastasis of malignant cells include:

a. continuous extension
b. lympathic spread
c. bloodstream dissemination
d. all of the above are correct

Answer 18

d. all of the above are correct

Question 19

A malignant cell that becomes lodged in a lymph node may:

a. die
b. divide
c. become dormant
d. enter the efferent lymphatics
e. all of the above are correct

Answer 19

e. all of the above are correct

Question 20

The process by which tumors develop new vascular network is:

a. heparinization
b. angiogenesis
c. anaplasia
d. autonomy
e. differentiation

Answer 20

b. angiogenesis

Question 21

The pain experienced with cancer

a. affects the individual in the early stages of malignancy
b. occurs in bone metastasis
c. results from tissue necrosis
d. both b& c are correct
e. a, b, & c are correct

Answer 21

d. both b& c are correct

Question 22

The anorexia or loss of appetite seen in the syndrome of cancer cachexia may occur because of:

a. elevated blood serum levels of glucose and amino acids
b. hyperinsulinism
c. late satiety
d. hypoproteinemia

Answer 22

a. elevated blood serum levels of glucose and amino acids

Question 23

The anemia associated with malignancy can be:

a. due to the depletion of hemoglobin building blocks
b. severe in the majority of cases
c. caused by the destruction of bone marrow
d. all of the above are correct
e. Both a & c are correct

Answer 23

e. Both a & c are correct

Question 24

Chemotherapy kills cancerous cells:

a. during interphase
b. during mitosis & cytokinesis
c. Both a & b are correct
d. That have left the cell cycle

Answer 24

c . Both a & b are correct

Question 25

Which is correct about the p53 gene?

a. Low oxygen environments decrease its products
b. It normally activates apoptosis
c. Mutations in it may permit the tumor cells to be less aggressive
d. It deactivates the “emergency brake” against uncontrolled growth

Answer 25

b. It normally activates apoptosis