Chapter 15: Pain, temperature regulation, sleep, and sensory function

Question 1

endorphins:

a. increase pain sensation
b. decrease pain sensation
c. may increase or decrease pain sensations
d. have no effect on pain sensations

Answer 1

b. decrease pain sensations

Question 2

Referred pain from upper abdominal diseases involves:

a. the sacral region
b. L2 to L4
c. T8, L1, and L2
d. the gluteal regions, the posterior thighs, and the calves.

Answer 2

c. T8, L1, and L2

Question 3

In the gate control theory of pain:

a. a closed gate increases pain perception
b. stimulation of large A fibers closes the gate
c. both a& b are correct
d. neither a or b are correct

Answer 3

b. stimulation of large A fibers closes the gate

Question 4

Norepinephrine:

a. inhibits pain in the spinal cord and brain
b. increases excitability of neurons in the dorsal horn of the cord
c. is stimulated by the exogenous pyrogens
d. none of the above are correct

Answer 4

c. is stimulated by the exogenous pyrogens

Question 5

Interleukin 1: 
a .lowers the hypothalamic set point
b. is an exogenous pyrogen
c. is stimulated by exogenous pyrogens
d. none of the above is correct

Answer 5

c. is stimulated by exogenous pyrogens

Question 6

Increased serum levels of epinephrine increase body temperature by

a. increasing vasodilation
b. decreasing muscle tone
c. increasing heat production by causing glycolysis and increasing metabolic rates
d. decreasing basal metabolic rates

Answer 6

c. increasing heat production by causing glycolysis and increasing metabolic rates

Question 7

In heat stroke

a. core temperature usually does not exceed 101.0 Fahrenheit
b. Sodium loss follows sweating
c. core temperature increases as the regulatory center fails
d. both b & c are correct

Answer 7

c. core temperature increases as the regulatory center fails

Question 8

Unmyelinated C nociceptors:

a. are responsible for transmission of the diffuse burning sensation
b. transmit fast pain sensations
c. carry well-localized, sharp pain sensations
d. terminate in the white matter of the dorsal horn

Answer 8

a. are responsible for transmission of the diffuse burning sensation

Question 9

In hypothermia:

a. the viscosity of blood is decreased
b. acidosis can develop
c. the hypothalamic center prevents shivering
d. all of the above are correct

Answer 9

b. acidosis can develop

Question 10

although non REM and REM sleep are defined by electrical recordings they are characterized by physiologic events. Which of the following occurs:

a. during NREM sleep, muscle tone increases
b. NREM sleep is initiated by the withdrawal of neurotransmitters from the reticular formation
c. during NREM, cerebral blood flow to the cortex is increased
d. During NREM sleep, levels of corticosteroids are increased

Answer 10

b. NREM sleep is initiated by the withdrawal of neurotransmitters from the reticular formation

Question 11

Sleep apnea:

a. increases blood oxygenation saturation
b. results from airway obstruction during sleep
c. associated with jet lag syndrome
d. Produces pulmonary hypertension

Answer 11

b. results from airway obstruction during sleep

Question 12

Endogenous opiods inhibit:

a. Substance P
b. TNF
c. Prostaglandin E
d. Arginine vasopressin

Answer 12

a. Substance P

Question 13

glaucoma is ______ and results from _______

a. clouding of the lens; increased aqueous humor formation
b. decreased intraocular pressure; decreased aqueous humor formation
c. increased intraocular pressurel decreased aqueous humor drainage
d. clouding of the lens, decreased aqueous humor drainage

Answer 13

c. increased intraocular pressurel decreased aqueous humor drainage

Question 14

Keratitis may cause:

a. ulcers of the cornea
b. conjunctival pus
c. hordeolum
d. neither a, b or c

Answer 14

a. ulcers of the cornea

Question 15

Meniere Disease

a. is a complication of chronic middle ear disease
b. effects cochlear function, hence equilibrium
c. decreases endolymphatic pressure within the cochlea
d. a genetic cause of vertigo

Answer 15

b. effects cochlear function, hence equilibrium

Question 16

which is neither an activator nor a depolarizer of primary or first-order afferents:

a. bradykinins
b. prostaglandins
c. luekotreins
d. substance P

Answer 16

d. substance P

Question 17

Third-order neurons:

a. terminate in the dorsal horn
b. project to the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe
c. project to the Thalamus
d. are concerned with reflexes

Answer 17

b. project to the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe

Question 18

Deafferentation pain results from:

a. surgical resection of a nerve
b. muscle strain
c. infected nerves
d. decreased levels of endorphins

Answer 18

a. surgical resection of a nerve

Question 19

Basic sensation of pain:

a. nociceptive receptors
b. thalamus
c. brainstem
d. a fibers
e. Cortex

Answer 19

b. thalamus

Question 20

Initiation of pain stimulus

a. nociceptive receptors
b. thalamus
c. brainstem
d. a fibers
e. Cortex

Answer 20

a. nociceptive receptors

Question 21

Discrimination and precision given:

a. nociceptive receptors
b. thalamus
c. brainstem
d. a fibers
e. Cortex

Answer 21

e. Cortex

Question 22

Drugs or alcohol abuse:

a. sleep initiation disorder
b. sleep breathing disorder
c. sleep-wake schedule disorder

Answer 22

b. sleep breathing disorder

Question 23

Obstructive sleep apnea

a. sleep initiation disorder
b. sleep breathing disorder
c. sleep-wake schedule disorder

Answer 23

b. sleep breathing disorder

Question 24

depressed vigilance:

a. sleep initiation disorder
b. sleep breathing disorder
c. sleep-wake schedule disorder

Answer 24

c. sleep-wake schedule disorder

Question 25

insomnia:

a. sleep initiation disorder
b. sleep breathing disorder
c. sleep-wake schedule disorder

Answer 25

a. sleep initiation disorder