Chapter 16: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, cerebral hemodynamics, and motor function

Question 1

Obtundation

a. is altered perception of stimuli
b. exhibits no spontaneous eye movement
c. is advanced sleep
d. requires continuous stimulation for arousal

Answer 1

d. requires continuous stimulation for arousal

Question 2

an individual shows flexion in upper extremities and extensions in lower extremities this is:

a. decorticate posturing
b. decerebate posturing
c. excitation posturing
d. caloric posturing

Answer 2

a. decorticate posturing

Question 3

cerebral death:

a. is the death of the cerebellum
b. permits normal respiratory and cardiovascular functions
c. no longer maintains respiratory and cardiovascular functions
d. is death of the brainstem

Answer 3

b. permits normal respiratory and cardiovascular functions

Question 4

the likely site of injury when central neurogenic hyperventilation appears is:

a. the midbrain
b. the medulla
c. cerebral structure
d. diencephalic structure

Answer 4

a. the midbrain

Question 5

What epileptic seizure is characterized by automatism:

a. autonomic
b. status epilepticus
c. absence
d. jacksonian
e. psychomotor

Answer 5

e. psychomotor

Question 6

Postictal sleeping can be seen in which of the following types of seizures:

a. partial
b. unilateral
c. absence
d. grand mal
e. psychomotor

Answer 6

d. grand mal

Question 7

Late onset familial alzheimer disease is linked to a deficit on chromosome

a. 14
b. 19
c. 21
d. 23

Answer 7

b. 19

Question 8

The senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of alzheimers disease are mostly concentrated in the:

a. cerebral cortex and hippocampus
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
d. basal ganglia

Answer 8

a. cerebral cortex and hippocampus

Question 9

an individual with increased intracranial pressure from a head injury has mean systolic pressure equal to intracranial pressure. Which stage of intracranial pressure is being exhibited.

a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4

Answer 9

d. Stage 4

Question 10

Infratentorial herniation occurs in shift of the

a. mesencephalon
b. diencephalon
c. cerebellar tonsils
d. metencephalon

Answer 10

c. cerebellar tonsils

Question 11

In cerebral vasogenic edema :

a. active transport fails
b. there is auto digestion
c. plasma proteins leak into extracellular spaces
d. cerebrospinal fluid leaves the ventricles

Answer 11

c. plasma proteins leak into extracellular spaces

Question 12

Cheyne Stokes respiration is observed in:

a. blunt head trauma
b. supratentorial injury
c. infarction of the pons
d. hypoglycemia and meningitis

Answer 12

b. supratentorial injury

Question 13

Parkinson disease exhibits :

a. akinesia
b. muscle flaccidity
c. early stage dementia
d. paralysis

Answer 13

a. akinesia

Question 14

Huntington disease is characterized by

a. dopamine insufficiency
b. depletion of GABA
c. resting tremors
d. rigidity

Answer 14

b. depletion of GABA

Question 15

In stage 3 of increasing intracranial pressure:

a. vasoconstriction occurs
b. external compression of the venous system occurs
c. brain tissue shifts to lower pressure compartment
d. accumulating CO2 causes local vasodilation

Answer 15

d. accumulating CO2 causes local vasodilation

Question 16

Hydrocephalus occurs because of:

a. reabsorption of CSF
b. obstruction within the ventricular system
c. excess fluid in the subdural space
d. reabsorption into the venous circulation

Answer 16

b. obstruction within the ventricular system

Question 17

central herniation exhibits:

a. decerebration to decortication
b. hemiplegia
c. pupil change from small, reactive to dilated and fixed
d. sluggish pupils before they dilate and fix

Answer 17

c. pupil change from small, reactive to dilated and fixed

Question 18

Which stage of intracranial pressure exists when mean systemic blood pressure overcomes intracranial pressure.

a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4

Answer 18

b. Stage 2

Question 19

An epileptogenic focus has

a. impermeable plasma membranes
b. a depolarized state
c. neural excitation during the clonic phase
d. neural inhibition during the toxic phase

Answer 19

b. a depolarized state

Question 20

Extrapyramidal motor syndrome is manifested by:

a. paralysis of voluntary movement
b. increased tendon reflexes
c. absence of involuntary movements
d. loss of postural reflexes

Answer 20

d. loss of postural reflexes

Question 21

_______Is impaired conceptualization and execution of complex acts

a. dyspraxia
b. hypotonia
c. Spinal shock
d. Anterograde amnesia
e. vigilance deficit

Answer 21

dyspraxia

Question 22

Cerebellar damage an manifest as _______

a. dyspraxia
b. hypotonia
c. Spinal shock
d. Anterograde amnesia
e. vigilance deficit

Answer 22

hypotonia

Question 23

_______ is characterized by flaccid paralysis, no reflexes, and disturbances in bowel and bladder function.

a. dyspraxia
b. hypotonia
c. Spinal shock
d. Anterograde amnesia
e. vigilance deficit

Answer 23

Spinal shock

Question 24

_____ is the inability to form new memories

a. dyspraxia
b. hypotonia
c. Spinal shock
d. Anterograde amnesia
e. vigilance deficit

Answer 24

Anterograde amnesia

Question 25

The inability to concentrate or sustain attention is _____

a. dyspraxia
b. hypotonia
c. Spinal shock
d. Anterograde amnesia
e. vigilance deficit

Answer 25

vigilance deficit