Chapter 6 Flashcards
Innate Immunity : Inflammation
Innate resistance or immunity
a. involves memore
b. is a development of an individuals later years
c. is a relatively slow and specific process
d. depends on physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers.
depends on physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers.
collectins:
a. are triple stranded sheets
b. protect against respiratory infections
c. are produced by monocytes
d. are produced by neutrophils
protect against respiratory infections
complement is
a. a series of proteins in the blood
b. an antibody
c. a hormone
d. a lymphokine
a series of proteins in the blood.
diapedesis is a process in which
a. neutrophils migrate from the bloodstream to an injured tissue site.
b. phagocytes stick to capillary and venule walls
c. bacteria are coated with an opsonin
d. there is oxygen dependent killing of cells
neutrophils migrate from the bloodstream to an injured tissue site.
interferon
a. interferes with the ability of bacteria to cause disease
b. prevents viruses from infecting healthy host cells
c. inhibits macrophage migration from inflamed sites
d. increases the phagocytic activity of macrophages
prevents viruses from infecting healthy host cells.
the sequence of inflammatory events within the vasculature is
a. arteriolar vasoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, plasma leakage, and site of injury edema
b. slower blood flow, arteriolar vasoconstriction, increased capillary permeability, and site of injury edema
arteriolar vasoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, plasma leakage, and site of injury edema
the inflammatory response
a. prevents blood from entering the injured tissue
b. elevates body temperature to prevent the spread of infection
c. prevents the formation of abscesses
d. minimizes injury and promotes healing
minimizes injury and promotes healing.
the alternative complement pathway is activated by
a. antibodies binding to specific antigens
b. certain bacterial carbohydrates
c. gram negative bacterial and fungal cell wall polysaccharides
d. a plasma protein called mannose-binding lectin
gram negative bacterial and fungal cell wall polysaccharides
The C3B subcomponent of complement
a. opsonizes microbes to facilitate phagocytosis
b. dilates arterioles
c. lyses cells
d. induces rapid degranulation of mast cells
opsonizes microbes to facilitate phagocytosis.
the activation of hageman factor impacts all three plasma protein systems by
a. activation of the clotting cascade through factor X
b. control of clotting by degradation of plasmin
c. activation of the kinin system by a fragment of hageman factor
activation of the kinin system by a fragment of hageman factor.
the sequence for phagocytosis is
a. margination or pavementing, recognition of the target, adherence or binding, and fusion with lysosomes inside the phagocyte
b. margination, diapedesis, recognition, adherence, ingestion, fusion with lysosomes inside the phagocyte, and destruction of the target.
margination, diapedesis, recognition, adherence, ingestion, fusion with lysosomes inside the phagocyte, and destruction of the target.
swelling during acute inflammation is caused by
a. collagenase
b. the fluid exudate
c. lymphocytic margination
d. neutrophilic margination
the fluid exudate
recognition of abnormal environmental components so cells can respond to these substances is by binding to cell surface receptors. Cells involved in innate resistance have
a. t cell receptors
b. b cell receptors
c. pathogen associated molecular patterns
d. pattern recognition receptors (PRRRs)
pattern recognition receptors (PRRRs)
Mast cell degranulation releases
a. histamine, neutrophil chemotactic factor, and leukotrienes.
b. histamine, IL-4, and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
c. histamine and prostaglandins
histamine, IL-4, and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
Interleukin 10
a. is a proinflammatory cytokine and an endogenous pyrogen
b. increases the number of circulating neutrophils
c. suppresses growth of lymphocytes, and production of pro inflammatory cytokines
d. increases lysosomal enzyme activity.
suppresses growth of lymphocytes and production of pro inflammatory cytokines.
Soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha
a. is secreted by neutrophils
b. enhances endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression
c. induces fever by acting as an exogenous pyrogen
d. causes decreased synthesis of inflammatory serum proteins by the liver.
enhances endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression.
Characteristic systemic manifestations of acute inflammation include
a. a right shift in the ratio of immature to mature neutrophils
b. reduced host susceptibility to the effects of endo toxins
c. leukopenia
d. fever caused by the release of IL-1 by neutrophils and macrophages.
fever caused by the release of IL-1 by neutrophils and macrophages.
Chronic inflammation is characterized by
a. hypertrophy
b. metaplasia
c. neutrophilic infiltration
d. lymphocytic and macrophagic infiltration
lymphocytic and macrophagic infiltration.
Scar tissue is
a. non functional collagenous and fibrotic tissue
b. functional tissue that follows wound healing
c. regenerated tissue formed in the area of injury
d. fibrinogen that has entrapped phagocytes and neurons.
non functional collagenous and fibrotic tissue.
___________are the predominant phagocytes that arriving early at inflammatory and infection sites
a. macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. eosinophils
Neutrophils
___________unlike neutrophils and basophils, function for a longer time and later in the inflammatory response and are involved in the activation of the adaptive immune system
a. macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. eosinophils
macrophages
__________ serve as a primary defenders against parasites and help regulate vascular mediators released by mast cells by preventing more inflammatory activity than is needed.
a. macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. eosinophils
eosinophils
______ recognize and eliminate virus infected cells
a. macrophages
b. natural killer cells
c. eosinophils
natural killer cells
_______ returns injured tissues to an approximation of their original structure and physiologic function
a. resolution
b. granulation tissue
resolution
_______ is filled with new capillaries and is surrounded by fibroblasts and macrophages
a. resolution
b. granulation tissue
granulation tissue
