Chapter 3 Flashcards
the total water isloss per day in the adult is approximately
a. 0.8 L
b. 1,2 L
c. 1.8 L
d. 2.2 L
e. 2.8 L
2.8 L
Of the 60% of the body weight made up of water about 3 L
a. extracellular water
b. intracellular water
c. intravascular water
d. interstitial water
Intravascular water
Sodium is responsible for
a. intracellular fluid (ICF) omotic balance
b. extracellular fluid (ECF) osmotic balance
c. total body water (TBW) osmolality
d. osmotic equilibrium
Extracellular osmotic balance
A milliequivalent is a unit of:
a. mass
b. physical activity
c. chemical activity
d. osmotic concentration
chemical activity
The principle osmotic neutrality means that
a. The number of anions and ions in the body must be equal.
b. intravascular molecules of protein are without charge
c. the sodium ions must be united with the chloride ions.
d. The positive and negative charges in blood plasma must be equal to each other
The positive and negative charges in blood plasma must be equal to each other
Aldosterone controls ECF volume by
a. carbohydrate, fat, and protein catabolism
b. sodium reabsorption
c. potassium reabsorption
d. inhibition of chloride reabsorption
sodium reabsorption
The release of ADH is stimulated by
a. decreased plasma osmolality
b. increased circulating blood volume
c. increased blood pressure
d. increased plasma osmolality
e. decreased plasma volume
Increased osmolality
Laboratory studies of an adult reveal the following: Plasma Na+ = 110 MeQ/L CL: 100 MeQ/L K: 4.8 MeQ/L Ca: 9 MeQ/L Hco3: 26 MeQ/L The most likely alteration is
Hyponatremia
An individual has weakness, dizziness, irritability, and intestinal cramps. Laboratory studies reveal the following: Na: 138 K 6.8 Ph: 7.38 Hco3: 25 EKG shows a peaked twave
hyperkalemia
an acid is which of the following
a. an anion
b. a cation
c. a substance/chemical that combines with a hydrogen ion to lower ph
d. a substance/chemical that donates a hydrogen ion or a proton
a substance/chemical that donates a H ion or a proton
The most significant consequence of hyperkalemia is
a. muscular weakness
b. paralytic ileus
c. depressed cardiac conductivity or arrest
d. metabolic acidosis
a depressed cardiac conductivity or arrest
the blood ph is maintained near 7.4 by buffer systems. The sequence from the fast acting compensation to the slowest acting compensation is respectively
a. lungs, kidneys, blood buffers
b. blood buffers,lungs kidneys
c. blood buffers, kidneys, lungs
d. lungs, blood buffers, kidneys
blood buffers, lungs, kidneys
the ph of saliva is about 7 and the ph of gastric juice is about 2. how many times more concentrated is the hydrogen ion in gastric juice than in saliva
a. 5
b. 50
c. 100
d. 10,000
e. 100,000
100,000
if a hypotonic solution is infused intravenously into a patient, fluid movement will
a. be from vascular to interstitial
b. not occur
c. be from intracellular to extracellular
d. occur from the interstitial to vascular compartment
be from vascular to interstitial
a young female became quite agitated and apprehensive and eventually lost consciousness. at the hospital emergency department, the following laboratory values were obtained: na: 137 k: 5 ph: 7.53 co2: 22 hco3: 24 her immediate diagnosis was a. hypokalemia b. metabolic acidosis c. metabolic alkalosis d. respiratory acidosis e. respiratory alkalosis
respiratory alkalosis
as hc03 shifts form the red blood cell to the blood plasma it is expected that the plasma
a. Na increases
b. CL shifts into the red blood cell
c. K+ increases
d. ph decreases
chloride (CL) shifts into the red blood cell
an elevated anion gap is associated with an accumulation of
a. chloride anions
b. lactate anions
c. high bicarbonate levels
d. sodium cations
lactate anions
hydrostatic pressure
a. water/pulling effect of plasma proteins
b. pressure of blood within the capillaries
pressure of blood within the capillaries
oncotic/osmotic pressure
a. pressure of blood within the capillaries
b. water/pulling effect of plasma proteins
water/pulling effect of plasma proteins
respiratory acidosis (acid base imbalance & probably cause)
a. severe anxiety
b. diabetes
c. chronic diarrhea
d. emphysema
emphysema
respiratory alkalosis (acid base imbalance & probably cause)
a. severe anxiety
b. diabetes
c. chronic diarrhea
d. emphysema
severe anxiety
metabolic alkalosis (acid base imbalance & probably cause)
a. severe anxiety
b. excessive baking soda ingestion
c. chronic diarrhea
d. emphysema
excessive baking soda ingestion
respiratory acidosis (acid base imbalance with its compensatory mechanism)
a. Kidneys retain H+ and excrete HC03
b. kidneys excrete H+ and retain HCO3
c. Respirations increase and more CO2 is eliminated
kidneys excrete H+ and retain HCO3
Respiratory Alkalosis
a. Kidneys retain H+ and excrete HC03
b. kidneys excrete H+ and retain HCO3
c. Respirations increase and more CO2 is eliminated
Kidneys retain H+ and excrete HC03
Metabolic Acidosis
a. Kidneys retain H+ and excrete HC03
b. kidneys excrete H+ and retain HCO3
c. Respirations increase and more CO2 is eliminated
Respirations increase and more CO2 is eliminated
