Chapter 10 Flashcards
Stress and Disease
Which of the following is a characteristic of Selye’s stress syndrome
a. adrenocortical enlargement
b. thymus enlargment
c. it is a specific response to stress
d. lymphatic organs enlarge
Adrenocortical enlargment
Which of the following characterizes the alarm stage?
a. increased lymphocytes
b. increased sympathetic activity
c. increased parasympathetic activity
d. increased eosinophils
increased sympathetic activity
in stressed or depressed individuals:
a. natural killer cells are stimulated
b. damaged dna is repaired properly
c. apoptosis of immune and cancer is altered
d. cellular immunity is increased and humoral immunity is decreased
apoptosis of immune and cancer is altered
Which is the correct sequence of Selye’s hypothesis for stress?
a. INcreased ACTH secretion, alarm
b. Increased ACTH in the blood, hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex
c. Stimulation of the sympathetic centers, alarm
d. Increased secretion of epinephrine, increased ACTH in the blood
Increased ACTH in the blood, hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released by the
a. adrenal medulla
b. adrenal cortex
c. anterior pituitary
d. hypothalamus
hypothalamus
Stress may be defined as any factor that stimulates the
a. posterior pituitary
b. anterior pituitary
c. hypothalamus to release CRH
d. hypothalamus to release ADH
hypothalamus to release CRH
Which of the following is true?
a. stressors initially stimulate the adrenal cortex
b. stressors stimulate immunity
c. the emotions, fear, anxiety, and grief can act as stressors
d. stressors are the ams for all individuals
the emotions, fear, anxiety, and grief can act as stressors
glucocorticoids are highest during the stage of?
a. exhaustion
b. alarm
c. resistance
resistance
The physiologic response to the stress of a student’s final exam may be:
a. reactive
b. a conditioned behavior
c. anticipatory
d. caused by a physical stressors
reactive
The production of cortisol in response to stress can be initiated by:
a. the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex
b. the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex
c. the hypothalamus, sympathetic nerve fibers, and adrenal cortex
d. the hypothalamus, sympathetic nerve fibers, and adrenal medulla
the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex
Cortisol:
a. affects protein catabolism
b. decreases blood sugar
c. increases immune response
d. increases allergic reactions
affects protein catabolism
Which of the following would occur in response to stress?
a. increased systolic blood pressure
b. decreased epinephrine
c. constriction of the pupils
d. decreased adrenocorticoids
increased systolic blood pressure
Which of the following would be least useful in the assessment of stress?
a. Total blood cholesterol
b. eosinophil count
c. lymphocyte count
d. adrenocorticoid levels
Total blood cholesterol
In response to stress, the adrenal cortex secretes:
a. norepinephrine
b. norepinephrine & cortisol
c. cortisol & aldosterone
d. norepinephrine & Aldosterone
cortisol & aldosterone
coping:
a. slows natural killer cell activity
b. best involves solving the stress circumstance by oneself
c. effectively leads to immune dysfunction
d. manages stressful demands exceeding an individuals resources
manages stressful demands exceeding an individuals resources
Fill in the blank:
Biochemicals secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress are _______
corticoids
Fill in the blank:
_______ cause disturbances in cognition, emotion, and behavior.
stressors
Fill in the blank:
The bodily changes initiated by noxious stimuli cause the _______
stress response
Fill in the blank:
The stage of GAS wherein the immunity of an individual is most impaired is the _____
exhaustion stage
Fill in the blank:
The stage of GAS that triggers the sympathetic nervous system is the _______
alarm stage
Fill in the blank:
The cytokine produced by macrophages stimulating release of CRH is _______
IL-1
Interleukin 1 stimulates the release of ACTH by the release of CRH.
An interleukin that increases ACTH level is _____
IL-2
remember is produced by T cells and potentiates T & B cells
A neurotransmitter augmenting the action of catecholamines is _______
NPY (Neuropeptide Y)
Increases vasoconstriction & action of catecholamines.
a substance produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts that enhance phagocytic activity is _______
IFN (Interferon)
They are antiviral, they suppress neoplpastic growth, and stimulate hypothalamus, pituitary & adrenal pathways)
_____ inhibit pain, CRH secretion, and blood pressure increases
endorphins
