WW1 Flashcards
The failure of Wilhelm II government to continue the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia
eventually led to the isolation of Germany and closer ties to Austria
The British policy of Splendid Isolation was terminated with the
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
The Anglo-French Entent resolved what?
Anglo-French colonial disputes nin Egypt and Morocco
Germany is often blamed for starting the war because it
gave unconditional support to Austria-Hungary
The two Battles of the Marne were similar in that they both
stopped German Advances
The weapon that provided defense in trench warfare was
the machine gun
What was a characteristic of the peace settlements at the end of World War I
division of Germany into two parts
Keynesianism (the economic doctrines of the 20th century British economist John Maynard KEynes) teaches that during times of economic downturns governments should
create budget cuts
The advice that the Germany government gave to the Austro-Hungarian government during the early days of World War I is often characterized as
a black check
Did World War I use incendiary bombs?
no
France regained which of the following as part of the peace settlement after the First World War?
Alsace-Lorraine
A powerful pacificistic work the horrendous nature of warfare in the First World War was depicted in a famous novel by
Erich Maria Remarque
The Triple Alliance consisted of
Germany, Austria, Italy
The peace of Versailles resulted in the dismantling of which nation-state?
Austria Hungary
The Versailles Treaty resulted in the formation of several new nations, including which ones? (9)
Poland, Finland, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Who was in the Dual Alliance?
Germany and Austria-Hungary
The failure of the Reinsurance Treaty resulted in what for Germany?
war on two fronts
What did the Treaty of Brest Litovsk for Russia to do.
give up Finland, Poland, and the baltic area nations.
What is Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles also called and what did it do?
the war-guilt Cause, place the blame on Germany
What was the point of the mandate system?
to help prepare the nations of imperialized nations for independence.
The peace of Versailles resulted in the breaking up of what state?
Austria Hungary
What two nations were not represented at the Paris Peace conference
Germany and Russia
What nation did Britian first alliance with? Who did they want to counter?
Japan against Russia
Who was mad at the Paris Peace Conference?
Italy, they did not get the land they were promised.
What was Wihelms mistake?
not alliancing with Russia
What were the weopons used? (4)
tanks, machine guns, airplanes, poison gas
Who were the Lafayette Escadrille?
Squadron of American pilots who fought for France
What is the Lusitania?
The British passenger ship that was sunk by Germans
What treaty officially ended WW1?
Treaty of Versailles
What was the Espionage Act?
This act required all Americans to support the war effort; anyone that did not support it was considered to be a spy
What was the Sedition Act?
This act required all Americans refrain from saying anything anti-war or anti-American.
What was the longest battle in WW1?
Verdun
What was the Tannenburg?
In 1914 during World War I a German army under the command of Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg won an important victory over two Russian armies in the Second Battle of Tannenberg who had invaded East Prussia.
What was Dardanelles?
the unsuccessful campaign in World War I (1915) by the English and French to open a passage for aid to Russia
What are reparations?
payment for damages after a war
What was Plan XVII?
French strategy for war which called for concentration of troops in Alsace and Lorraine in an offensive on Germany
What was blank check?
support given to allies of nations simply because they were allies
To which other prominent leader was Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany related?
Nicholas II of Russia
What key fortress was the scene of the heaviest fighting during the German invasion of Belgium?
Liege
Which best describes Austria-Hungary’s progress early in the war?
Defeat by Russia; defeat by Serbia
What event prompted the Ottoman Empire to enter the war?
A German attack on Russia
What was the initial purpose of Britain’s invasion of Mesopotamia?
To seize oil fields along the Persian Gulf
Which best describes the outcome of Townshend’s campaign in Mesopotamia?
Ten thousand British troops were surrendered after a failed march on Baghdad
A war of attrition is defined as
A war in which victory is determined not by which side seizes the most territory but by which side loses the most men
What was the name of the first U.S. civilian ship to be sunk by a German submarine?
Housatonic
How did Russia’s withdrawal affect the Allied forces?
Allied troops were soon to be outnumbered by the Germans
In 1918, the city of Paris suffered repeated attacks from German
Bombers
After declaring war, the United States was with war with who?
only germany
Who assumed power in Germany and led negotiations with the Allies after Wilhelm II lost power?
Max von Baden
Where was the initial armistice with Germany negotiated?
In a train car near Compiègne, France
Austria-Hungary made its armistice after negotiations where?
in Italy
Who signed an armistice to end the war in Russia?
Bolsheviks
Who were the White Russians?
Russians who fought a civil war against the Bolshevik government between 1917 and 1921
What was the result of the German offensive in March of 1918?
The Germans advanced to the Marne and then were pushed back decisively by the Allies, including the fresh American troops
Who was Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz?
The German leader whose naval policy led to a futile ship-building race with Great Britain
Which country had the greatest number of soldiers potentially available at the outset of World War I?
Germany
Which group led the March 1917 Revolution in Russia, leading to the abdication of the tsar?
The revolution was caused by the tsar’s inability to govern, not the action of any group
How did the Bolsheviks come to power?
In a November 1917 coup against the provisional government
How did many Germans feel about their nation’s defeat in World War I
Surprised and embittered
What were the two stages of the Russian Revolution of 1917?
The March abdication of the tsar, and the November coup by the Bolsheviks
What type of territory are mandates?
Territories governed, according to law, by the League of Nations, but for practical purposes ruled as colonies
Which country’s negotiations were driven primarily by fear of Germany?
France
How did Keynesianism solve debt?
by government to increase employment and spending
The Mandate system established what?
a source of unrest in the near east
The Enente Cordiale was an alliance between
France an England
Why was it difficult to write a peace treaty according to the 14 points?
the allies had other secret treaties.
