Unit VIII Enlightenment despots Flashcards
The most characteristic of Voltaire’s ideas center on
empiricism and religious toleration
How was Rousseau different from other enlightened philosophies?
emphasis on Emotions
admiration for the “noble savage”
Who said this and what is it: “man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”
Rousseau, social contract
What famous work and who’s famous work was this quote: “a natural education free of the Natural encumbrances imposed by institutions such as the church”?
Rousseau in “Emile”
Who whose idea is this and what is the name of the idea: “An individual can pursue own economic interest/ventures without gov.t interference” and “competition is essential”
Adam Smith’s Laissez Faire
What did Adam Smith write?
The wealth of nations
18th century philosophes believed the best way to achieve progress in society was through:
scientific empiricism
What were the common characteristics of the 18th century enlightened monarchs?(5)
secular and technical education religious toleration increased economic productivity administrative reform abolition of torture
What was deism?
the religious arm of the enlightenment
What was a deist?
someone who sees God as the divine watchmaker
What type of government did John Locke support?
Constitutional Democracy
Who wrote the Candide and attacked religion?
Voltaire
Who wrote the Second Treatise of Government and an Essay Concerning Human Understanding?
John Locke
Who wrote the Spirit of the Laws and figured out the three systems of government?
Montesquieu
Who led the Pugachev Rebellion?
Eugene Pugachev
Who was Eugene Pugachev and who did lead?
A Cossack Soldier who led serfs
What did the serfs in the rebellion want and who did they kill?
an end to serfdom, taxes, and army service by killing landlords and officials
Who was in power in Russia and what were they?
Catherine the Great, the enlightened despot
How did Catherine the Great deal with the rebellion?(3)
she extended serfdom
gave power to the nobles over them
confiscated Church lands
Who felt like humans were a blank slate upon birth?
John Locke
What was Rousseau’s opinion of education?
It should be natural and free
What idea did Quesnay reject?
mercantilism
Who and what work was an important defense of the principle of Absolute Monarchy?
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan
Who envisioned a society in which individuals maintained their personal freedoms while participating as loyal members of the community at large?
Jean-Jaques Rousseau
The view of human personality as tabula rasa is usually associated with who?
Locke
A primary social condition for a virtuous life, according to the philosophes was what?
religious toleration
Which of the following is Not true of the philosophes?
They used their position as University Professors to influence society.
Rousseau asked what fundamental question?
What is the good life?
