Unit III Wars of Religion Flashcards
Why did Calvinist church organizations differ from Catholic.
They stressed regional and local religious authority.
What did Catherine de Medicis’ do to preserve the French monarchy?
support both Catholics and Protestants
Who ruled the political system of the Dutch?
wealthy merchants
The Peace of Westphalia (1648) resulted in
The guaranteed independence of numberous small German states
The Peace of Augsburg gave leaders the right to:
determine the religion of the people
What characteristic of Government has politiques?
secular government
Which of the religious groups benefited most from the Edict of Nantes?
Huguenots
During the Thirty Years War, France pursued a policy of supporting who?
protestant princes and rulers against the Hapsburg
What did the treaty of Prague do?
strengthen the Hapsburg and weaken the power of the German Princes
The Defenestration of Prague was a response to which monarch’s policies?
Ferdinand and Archduke of Styria
Did the defeat of the Spanish Armada encourage Catholicism?
no
Who was responsible for restoring England to the Catholicism of Henry VIII?
Mary Tudor
Did the Treaty of Westphalia elevate Sweden to the rank of an elector state?
no
How many semi-autonomous states were in the Holy Roman Empire?
360
Were there wars between the autonomous states?
yes but not always
What treaty ended the Hapsburg Valois war and who won?
Cateau-Cambrèsis, Spain
What type of wars are the Hapsburg Valois wars?
political/dynastic
Who was Philip II?
Spanish ruler whose father was Charles V
Wanted to make Spain the dominant country with a main religion as Catholic.
What is the Escorial?
Philip II’s mega estate
What happened in the Largest Naval Battle in the 16th century?
The battle of Lepanto was a huge victory of Spain against the Ottomans.
Was Spain successful in Europe after Lepanto?
No
How many providences of the Dutch were led by William the Orange against Spain?
17
Who did the Spanish Netherlands(Belgium) flee to to win the revolt against Spain?
English
Who was King Philip’s wife?
Mary Tudor
How did Spain try to invade England and why?
They sent their large but slow Spanish Armarda to impose Catholicism.
Political philosophies and religious doctrine are often intertwined. Which pairings tended to go together in the late sixteenth century?
Absolute monarchy and Counter-Reformation Catholicism; decentralized local rule and Calvinism
The Baroque style in art emphasized
Dramatic, three-dimensional displays of raw energy
After the discovery of the Americas, Europe’s population
Increased dramatically
In the sixteenth century, Spain’s hopes of building a world empire were foiled by the military resistance of
The Netherlands
Who did Philip II send to suppress revolt in the netherlands?
Duke of Alva with his reign of Terror
How many French Civil Religious wars were there?
9 wars
What was Catherine the Great to France and her religion?
a reagent who worked under her three sons as kings; Catholic despite French Conversions to Calvinism
What happened on St. Bartholemew’s day?
Catherine de Medici indirectly massacred Huguenots
What type of war was the war of three Henrys.
Power struggle between 3 dynasties
What was the order of the periods in the thirty years war?
Bohemia, Danish, Swedish, French
What was the event that started the war and where did it occur?
Defenestration of Prague in Bohemia
Who dominated the Danish Phase?
Catholics
Who was Wallenstein?
A general hired by the HRE for Danish Phase
What country was Gustavus Adolphus from?
Sweden
What did the treaty of Westphalia do
(5)?
renewed peace of Augsburg
HRE gained calvinism and lost catholicism
Netherlands and Switzerland gained independence
France gained land and power
Hapsburgs lost power
What did the Edict of Nantes do (3)?
Huguenots could privately worship in their own cities
They could take public office.
They could have fortified cities.
French Huguenots were persecuted for the first time in 1525, because
The French hoped to ransom their king, who had been captured by the anti-Protestant Holy Roman Emperor
Philip II ran large debts, but had access to significant cash flow as the ruler of the wealthy kingdom of
Castile
What was the Pacification of Ghent?
A 1576 union of Catholic and Protestant provinces in the Netherlands, which allowed them to create a united front against Spain while maintaining distinct religious identities
