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AP European History > Unit III Wars of Religion > Flashcards

Unit III Wars of Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Calvinist church organizations differ from Catholic.

A

They stressed regional and local religious authority.

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2
Q

What did Catherine de Medicis’ do to preserve the French monarchy?

A

support both Catholics and Protestants

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3
Q

Who ruled the political system of the Dutch?

A

wealthy merchants

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4
Q

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) resulted in

A

The guaranteed independence of numberous small German states

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5
Q

The Peace of Augsburg gave leaders the right to:

A

determine the religion of the people

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6
Q

What characteristic of Government has politiques?

A

secular government

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7
Q

Which of the religious groups benefited most from the Edict of Nantes?

A

Huguenots

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8
Q

During the Thirty Years War, France pursued a policy of supporting who?

A

protestant princes and rulers against the Hapsburg

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9
Q

What did the treaty of Prague do?

A

strengthen the Hapsburg and weaken the power of the German Princes

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10
Q

The Defenestration of Prague was a response to which monarch’s policies?

A

Ferdinand and Archduke of Styria

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11
Q

Did the defeat of the Spanish Armada encourage Catholicism?

A

no

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12
Q

Who was responsible for restoring England to the Catholicism of Henry VIII?

A

Mary Tudor

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13
Q

Did the Treaty of Westphalia elevate Sweden to the rank of an elector state?

A

no

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14
Q

How many semi-autonomous states were in the Holy Roman Empire?

A

360

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15
Q

Were there wars between the autonomous states?

A

yes but not always

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16
Q

What treaty ended the Hapsburg Valois war and who won?

A

Cateau-Cambrèsis, Spain

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17
Q

What type of wars are the Hapsburg Valois wars?

A

political/dynastic

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18
Q

Who was Philip II?

A

Spanish ruler whose father was Charles V

Wanted to make Spain the dominant country with a main religion as Catholic.

19
Q

What is the Escorial?

A

Philip II’s mega estate

20
Q

What happened in the Largest Naval Battle in the 16th century?

A

The battle of Lepanto was a huge victory of Spain against the Ottomans.

21
Q

Was Spain successful in Europe after Lepanto?

A

No

22
Q

How many providences of the Dutch were led by William the Orange against Spain?

A

17

23
Q

Who did the Spanish Netherlands(Belgium) flee to to win the revolt against Spain?

A

English

24
Q

Who was King Philip’s wife?

A

Mary Tudor

25
Q

How did Spain try to invade England and why?

A

They sent their large but slow Spanish Armarda to impose Catholicism.

26
Q

Political philosophies and religious doctrine are often intertwined. Which pairings tended to go together in the late sixteenth century?

A

Absolute monarchy and Counter-Reformation Catholicism; decentralized local rule and Calvinism

27
Q

The Baroque style in art emphasized

A

Dramatic, three-dimensional displays of raw energy

28
Q

After the discovery of the Americas, Europe’s population

A

Increased dramatically

29
Q

In the sixteenth century, Spain’s hopes of building a world empire were foiled by the military resistance of

A

The Netherlands

30
Q

Who did Philip II send to suppress revolt in the netherlands?

A

Duke of Alva with his reign of Terror

31
Q

How many French Civil Religious wars were there?

A

9 wars

32
Q

What was Catherine the Great to France and her religion?

A

a reagent who worked under her three sons as kings; Catholic despite French Conversions to Calvinism

33
Q

What happened on St. Bartholemew’s day?

A

Catherine de Medici indirectly massacred Huguenots

34
Q

What type of war was the war of three Henrys.

A

Power struggle between 3 dynasties

35
Q

What was the order of the periods in the thirty years war?

A

Bohemia, Danish, Swedish, French

36
Q

What was the event that started the war and where did it occur?

A

Defenestration of Prague in Bohemia

37
Q

Who dominated the Danish Phase?

A

Catholics

38
Q

Who was Wallenstein?

A

A general hired by the HRE for Danish Phase

39
Q

What country was Gustavus Adolphus from?

A

Sweden

40
Q

What did the treaty of Westphalia do

(5)?

A

renewed peace of Augsburg
HRE gained calvinism and lost catholicism
Netherlands and Switzerland gained independence
France gained land and power
Hapsburgs lost power

41
Q

What did the Edict of Nantes do (3)?

A

Huguenots could privately worship in their own cities
They could take public office.
They could have fortified cities.

42
Q

French Huguenots were persecuted for the first time in 1525, because

A

The French hoped to ransom their king, who had been captured by the anti-Protestant Holy Roman Emperor

43
Q

Philip II ran large debts, but had access to significant cash flow as the ruler of the wealthy kingdom of

A

Castile

44
Q

What was the Pacification of Ghent?

A

A 1576 union of Catholic and Protestant provinces in the Netherlands, which allowed them to create a united front against Spain while maintaining distinct religious identities

AP European History (20 decks)

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