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anatomy > wrist and hand > Flashcards

wrist and hand Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 types of manipulation tasks?

A
  • non contact/ contact
  • prehensile/ non- prehensile
  • no motion/ motion
  • motion within hand/ motion not within hand
  • motion at contact/ no motion at contact
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2
Q

what does hand tasks require?

A
  • many complex variations of movements and high degree of precision
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3
Q

what are the important things in relation to hand and wrist movement?

A
  • how much control we have over muscles
  • how muscles work together as synergists and fixators
  • how much feedback we get from muscle and skin
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4
Q

what are the main bones in the hand?

A
  • carpals, metacarpals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges and distal phalanges
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5
Q

what does some lovers try positions that they cannot handle stand for

A
  • scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
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6
Q

what is the interosseous membrane made up of and what does it separate?

A
  • made up of 5 ligaments
  • separates anterior and posterior compartments
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7
Q

what are the three main roles of the interosseous membrane?

A
  • acts as attachment site for number of forearm muscles
  • helps to shift distally applied load from radius to ulna
  • limits supination of the forearm
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8
Q

what are the holes in the interosseous membrane for?

A
  • allows passage of blood vessels
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9
Q

what is the carpal tunnel formed by?

A
  • transverse carpal ligament or flexor retinaculum
  • between pisiform/ hamate and trapezium/ scaphoid
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10
Q

what are the two roles of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • pulley for long flexor tendons
  • stabilise arch of wrist
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11
Q

what movements occur at the wrist?

A
  • extension, flexion
  • radial deviation, ulnar deviation
  • pronation, supination
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12
Q

what movements occur at the thumb ?

A
  • flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, opposition
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13
Q

what movements happen at the fingers?

A
  • hyperextension, extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction
  • opposition of little finger
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14
Q

what is the radiocarpal joint?

A
  • formed of the radius and three proximal carpals
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15
Q

what type of joint is the radiocarpal joint and what movement does it allow?

A
  • condyloid joint > multiplanar movement
  • flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation
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16
Q

what is the intercarpal joint?

A
  • formed between the carpals
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17
Q

what type of joint is the intercarpal joint and what movement is allowed?

A
  • plane joint> limited movement
  • allows flexion and extension
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18
Q

what is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

A
  • formed between 1st metacarpal and trapezius
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19
Q

what type of joint is the 1st carpometacarpal and what movement can occur?

A
  • saddle joint > multiplanar
  • flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
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20
Q

describe 2nd carpometacarpal joint- what joint is it?

A
  • 2nd metacarpal with trapezoid
  • plane joint> limited movement
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21
Q

describe 3rd carpometacarpal joint - what type of joint is it?

A
  • 3rd metacarpal with capitate
  • plane joint> limited movement
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22
Q

describe 4th carpometacarpal joint - what type of joint is it?

A
  • 4th metacarpal with capitate
  • plane joint> limited movement
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23
Q

describe 5th carpometacarpal joint - what type of joint is it?

A
  • 5th metacarpal with capitate
  • plane joint> limited movement
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24
Q

what is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A
  • formed between metacarpals and proximal phalanges
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25
Q

what type of joint is metacarpophalangeal joint and what movement does it allow ?

A
  • condyloid joint
  • flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
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26
Q

what is the proximal interphalangeal joint?

A
  • formed between proximal and middle phalanges
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27
Q

what is the distal interphalangeal joint?

A
  • formed between middle and distal phalanges
28
Q

what type of joints are the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and what movement is allowed?

A
  • hinge joint
  • flexion and extension
29
Q

what does digitorum move?

A
  • finger digits
30
Q

what does digiti minimi move?

A
  • little fingers
31
Q

what does indicis move?

A
  • index finger
32
Q

what does pollicis move?

A
  • thumb
33
Q

what does carpi move?

A
  • wrist
34
Q

what does carpi radialis cause?

A
  • radial deviation (abduction) of the wrist
35
Q

what does carpi ulnaris cause?

A
  • ulnar deviation (adduction) of the wrist
36
Q

where are the flexors found? how are they arranged?

A
  • found in anterior aspect
  • three layers; deep (closest to bone) = 2 muscles; superficial (closet to skin) = 3 muscles and intermediate = 1 muscle
37
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of flexor pollicis longus (deep layer)

A

O= anterior radius
I= distal phalanx of thumb
A= flexion of thumb

38
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of flexor digitorum profoundus (deep)

A

O=proximal 3/4 of ulna
I= distal phalanges of fingers (2-5)
A= flexes fingers

39
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate)

A

O= medial epicondyle, common tendon
I= middle phalanges fingers
A= flexes fingers but distal muscle can’t be flexed (interphalangeal joint)

40
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of flexor carpi radius (superficial)

A

O= common tendon
I= base metacarpal II
A= flexes wrist and radial deviation

41
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of palmaris longus (superficial)

A

O = medial epicondyle
I= palmar fascia
A= weak wrist flexor, anchor for skin and fascia of hand

42
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial)

A

O = medial epicondyle
I= metacarpal V, pisiform and humate
A= wrist flexion and ulnar deviation

43
Q

where are superficial extensors found? where do they all originate?

A
  • posterior aspect of forearm
  • all originate from lateral epicondyle where common extensor tendon is
44
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial)

A

O= lateral epicondyle
I= base metacarpal II
A= wrist extension and radial deviation

45
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of extensor carpi radialis brevis (superficial)

A

O= lateral epicondyle
I= base metacarpal III
A= wrist extension and radial deviation

46
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of extensor digitorum (superficial)

A

O= lateral epicondyle
I= dorsal digital expansion (fibrous extension of tendons on back of fingers)
A = extends the fingers

47
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of extensor digiti minimi (superficial)

A

O= lateral epicondyle
I= dorsal digital expansions
A= extends the little finger

48
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of extensor carpi ulnaris (superficial)

A

O= lateral epicondyle
I= base metacarpal V
A= wrist extension and ulnar deviation

49
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of extensor indicis (deep)

A

O= posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I= dorsal digital expansion
A= extends index finger

50
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of extensor pollicis longus (deep)

A

O= posterior surface of ulna
I= posterior surface of distal phalanx of thumb
A= extension of thumb

51
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of extensor pollicis brevis (deep)

A

O= posterior surface of radius
I= proximal phalanx of thumb
A= thumb extension ; only carpometacarpal joint

52
Q

state the origin, insertion and action of abductor pollicis longus (deep)

A

O = posterior surface of ulna+ radius and interosseous membrane
I= base metacarpal I
A= abducts thumb and extends thumb

53
Q

what is the anatomic snuffbox?

A
  • created by extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
54
Q

what do intrinsic hand muscles allow?

A
  • shaping of hand that allows us to complete fine motor movements
55
Q

what are the two eminences of the hand?

A
  • thenar eminence and hypothenar eminence
56
Q

where is the thenar eminence? what movement does it allow?

A
  • fleshy bit of hand at base of thumb
  • flexion, abduction and oppsition
57
Q

where is the hypothenar eminence? what movement does it allow?

A
  • fleshy bit at base of little finger
  • flexion, adbuction, opposition
58
Q

what causes opposition?

A
  • opponeus pollicis and opponeus digiti minimi
59
Q

where are the flexor muscles and what are they?

A
  • on top of opposition muscles
  • flexor pollicis brevis and flexor digiti minimi
60
Q

where are the abductor muscles found and what are they?

A
  • more superficial
  • abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi
61
Q

what creates adduction and abduction of fingers? what are the two sets?

A
  • interossei
  • palmar and dorsal set
62
Q

what are interossei?

A
  • small muscles in between the fingers of the hand
63
Q

what movement does palmar set cause?

A
  • adduction
  • e.g., first palmar adducts 2nd finger towards middle finger
64
Q

what movement does dorsal set allow?

A
  • abduction
65
Q

why does the middle finger have two attachments?

A
  • as middle finger can abduct either way as it is the midline
66
Q

what muscles are found in the palmar side superficial to interossei?

A
  • lumbrical muscles
67
Q

what do the lumbrical muscles link?

A
  • extensor and flexor tendon together to allow flexion of metacarpal joint
  • while extending at interphalangeal joints

anatomy (17 decks)

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