Joints Flashcards
what are joints?
where bones come together so articulations allow movements and holds skeleton together
how are joints classified? explain
function - how moveable the joint is; structure- how surfaces are connected
describe three functional classifications
synarthroses- immovable
amphiarthroses- slightly moveable
diarthroses- freely moveable
describe synarthroses with an example
strong union between bones so they are important in protecting organs e.g. skull
describe amphiarthroses with an example
thick fibre cartilaginous discs e.g. vertebral discs
describe diarthroses with an example
wide range of motion e.g. elbow
what are the three types of diarthroses
uniaxial- movement in one plane around single axis; biaxial- two; multiaxial; three
describe three classifications of structure
fibrous joints= immovable ; synovial joints= freely moveable ; cartilaginous = range of motion
what do fibrous joints contain and where would they be found
contain lots of dense connective tissue and no joint cavity; found at connecting bones that don’t require movement
describe structure of fibrous joints
- bone edges serrated and united by layer of fibrous tissue
- periosteum layer is continuous
what are the two types of fibrous joints? give examples
- syndesmoses; bones are connected only by ligaments, united by fibrous tissue or internal interaction membrane e.g. fibula and tibia
- gomphoses; peg- in socket that occurs between a tooth and its alveolar socket as teeth are embedded
what ligament holds the teeth in place
periodontal
describe a cartilaginous joint
joints connected by cartilage so lack joint cavity
what are the two types of cartilaginous joints ?Give examples
- synchondroses - contain hyaline cartilage so bones are united, present at epithelial growth plates, between first rib and manubrium of sternum
- symphyses contain fibrocartilage so is incompressible = shock absorber e.g. found between vertebrae and in pelvis
what is a synovial joint
freely movable joint with a cavity filled with fluid to allow mobility i.e. found in limbs