hip Flashcards
what joint type is the hip?
- ball and socket
- multiaxial
what is pelvis made up of?
- two innominate bones
- made of bones fused together; ilium, pubis and ischium
what is in-between the pelvis?
- sacrum
what cartilaginous joint joins bones in pelvis?
- pubic synthesis
- sacroiliac joints on either side
describe movement allowed at the hip
- little bit of movement
- can widen ; stable ring
what is the small hole in the middle of pelvis?
- pelvic inlet
what is the ilium? describe the iliac crest- ASIS and PSIS
- large part of pelvis at the top
- iliac crest runs all the way across the top ; at front it ends at anterior superior iliac spine and at back ends at posterior superior iliac spine
where and what is the ischium? which part do you sit on?
- at the back
- sit on ischial tuberosity which is at the very bottom and allows muscle attachments e.g. hamstrings via roughened bump
where is the pubis and describe it - where can you palpate?
- at the front; superior and inferior pubic rami come together to meet in V shape bone
- can palpate pubic tubercle (top at front) ; press down abdominals until you hit firm ridge
what is the head of the femur? what is it covered by?
- ball part of the joint that sits inside acetabulum
- covered in smooth cartilage
what is the dimple on top of head of femur? what does this allow to attach?
- fovea
- ligament attaches with blood supply in articular surface
what is acetabulum? what is the smooth section called?
- socket part of joint
- no smooth cartilage but smooth section in C shape called lunate surface
what does more force mean?
- greater congruency and percentage of contact
what does neck of femur contain?
bony landmarks for muscle attachment
- greater trochanter located laterally
- lesser trochanter located medially
what is the shaft of the femur? what bone is it?
runs all the way down to patella
- long bone
what attaches to adductor tubercle?
- adductor magnus in order to bring leg inwards
what are the three differences between male and female pelvic girdle?
m= higher iliac crest; f= lower iliac crest
m= pelvic inlet heart shape; f= circular shape
m= pubic rami come together in a V shape; f= angle between rami is wider
what does synovial membrane wrap around and what does it secrete?
- wraps around synovial joint
- secretes synovial fluid
what is the role of synovia fluid ?
- lubricate joint so moves smoothly and for nutrition as cartilage doesn’t contain a blood supply
where does acetabulum labarum sit ?
- sits all the way around the edge of acetabulum
what is the role of the acetabulum labarum?
- extends the socket to increase stability, congruence and fit between ball and socket
where does joint capsule sit and what’s its role?
- goes around entirety of hip
- thicker than membrane so provides support and stability
how are the fibres aligned in the joint capsule?
- straight across at the front from femur to innominate bone
- at back more twisted
what happens to the fibres during extension?
- close packed
- tightening and wrapping together
- more stable
how are the fibres aligned in flexion?
- loosely packed
- less stable
what are the three types of fibres?
- longitudinal, oblique and ocular
what fibres run between femur and innominate bone?
- longitudinal
what fibres run at an angle and around?
- oblique
what fibres loop in and out and don’t cross? explain what its for
- ocular
- doesn’t bridge gap between two bones but provides more support
what are extracapsular structures?
- provide support on outside; tightening for extension; loosening for flexion
what ligament comes from pubis to femur?
- pubofemoral
what ligament comes from ilium to femur?
- iliofemoral
what ligament goes from ischium to femur?
- ischiofemoral
what is a landmark for nerve and arteries to pass across? where does it run from and what’s its role?
- inguinal ligament
- runs from ASIS down to pubic tubercle
- space underneath for substances to pass
what are bursas?
- fluid filled sacs that reduce friction where you have soft tissues, muscles, tendons crossing over bones/ joints
what is the bursa that allows iliopsoas to pass down and across? what’s its role?
- iliopectineal bursa
- helps muscles move more freely in anterior section
- protects iliopsoas tendon
what bursa is located next to greater trochanter? what is its role ?
- trochanteric bursa which sits where gluteus muscles insert
- reduces friction
- protects gluteus tendon
what are the two types of bursa for gluteus muscles?
- gluteus maximus (bottom)
- gluteus Medius (top)
what bridges the gap between lunate surface of acetabulum? what is its role?
- transverse acetabulum ligament
- provides stability
- allows more flexibility > solid bone
what is the dimple in head of femur called and what is it connected to?
- fovea
- connected to ligamentum teres
what is the role of the fovea?
- stability as holds head in place
- blood supply due to artery inside
where do hip flexors sit?
- crossover front so when they shorten they move forwards
what is the main nerve for hip flexors and where does it run? what isn’t innervated by this?
- femoral nerve; runs down front of thigh
- psoas major supplied by smaller nerves out of spine
where do hip extensors fit?
- muscles need to cross over the back
what is the main hip extensor nerve?
- sciatic nerve runs down back of leg
- splits into different sections
where do hip abductors sit?
- sit laterally to hip so when they shorten they can pull femur to side
what innervates alot of the hip abductors?
- superior gluteal nerve
where do hip adductors sit?
- sit medially to hip joint so leg pulled back to central
what is the main nerve for hip adductors?
- obturator nerve runs down medial part of thigh
what is the role of linear aspera?
- runs down femur length
- acts as landmark for adductors to insert
where do internal rotators sit?
- sit across anterior side of hip
- rotate towards the body
where do external rotators sit?
- sit across posterior area
- pulls femur out to the side as it is rotation outwards
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of psoas major
o- bottom 6 vertebrae
I- lesser trochanter
A- hip flexor
I- small nerves coming out of spine
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of iliacus
o- iliac crest
I- lesser trochanter
a- flexes thigh on trunk
n- femoral
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of pectineus
o- superior pubic ramus
I- pectineal line
a- flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint
n- femoral
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of sartorius
o- anterior superior iliac spine to tibia
I- pes anserinus
a- flexes and laterally rotates hip
n- femoral
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of rectus femoris
o- anterior superior iliac spine
I- base and upper border of patella and tibial tuberosity
a- extends knee and flexes hip
n- femoral
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus maximus
o- ilium
I- femur; iliotibial band
a- hip extensor/ abductor/ lateral rotator
n-inferior gluteal nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of semimebronous
o- ischial tuberosity
I- medial tibial condyle
a- hip extensor
n- tibial nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of semitendinosus
o- ischial tuberosity
I- tibial shaft
a- hip extensor, flexes knee
n- tibial nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of biceps femoris
o- ischial tuberosity (long head) Linea aspera (short)
I- fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
a- hip extensor
n- sciatic nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus minimus
o- ilium
I- greater trochanter
a- hip adductor/ medial rotator
n - superior gluteal nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus medius
o- between anterior and posterior gluteal lines of ileum
I- greater trochanter
a- adductor of thigh
n- superior gluteal nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of tensor fascia latae
o- iliac crest
I- iliotibial tract
a- hip abductor/ medial rotator
n- superior gluteal nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor magnus
o- ischiopubic ramus
I- femur (linear aspera)
a- hip adductor
n-obturator nerve
what is the gap in the adductor magnus? what is it for?
- hiatus
- allows blood vessels through
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor brevis
o- pubis
I- femur (linear aspera)
a- hip adductor
n- obturator nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor longus
o- pubis
I- femur (linear aspera)
a- hip adductor
n-obturator nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gracilius
o- pubis
I- anteromedial tibial shaft
a- hip adductor
n- obturator nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of obturator externus
o- obturator membrane
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotator
n- obturator nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of obturator internus
o- obturator membrane
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotation
n-obturator nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of superior gemellus
o- ischial spine
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotator
n-sacral plexus
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of inferior gemellus
o- ischial tuberosity
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotation
n-sacral plexus
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of quadratus femoris
o- ischium
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotator
n-femoral nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation of piriformis
o- sacrum
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotator
n- sacral plexus
