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anatomy > hip > Flashcards

hip Flashcards

1
Q

what joint type is the hip?

A
  • ball and socket
  • multiaxial
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2
Q

what is pelvis made up of?

A
  • two innominate bones
  • made of bones fused together; ilium, pubis and ischium
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3
Q

what is in-between the pelvis?

A
  • sacrum
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4
Q

what cartilaginous joint joins bones in pelvis?

A
  • pubic synthesis
  • sacroiliac joints on either side
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5
Q

describe movement allowed at the hip

A
  • little bit of movement
  • can widen ; stable ring
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6
Q

what is the small hole in the middle of pelvis?

A
  • pelvic inlet
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7
Q

what is the ilium? describe the iliac crest- ASIS and PSIS

A
  • large part of pelvis at the top
  • iliac crest runs all the way across the top ; at front it ends at anterior superior iliac spine and at back ends at posterior superior iliac spine
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8
Q

where and what is the ischium? which part do you sit on?

A
  • at the back
  • sit on ischial tuberosity which is at the very bottom and allows muscle attachments e.g. hamstrings via roughened bump
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9
Q

where is the pubis and describe it - where can you palpate?

A
  • at the front; superior and inferior pubic rami come together to meet in V shape bone
  • can palpate pubic tubercle (top at front) ; press down abdominals until you hit firm ridge
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10
Q

what is the head of the femur? what is it covered by?

A
  • ball part of the joint that sits inside acetabulum
  • covered in smooth cartilage
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11
Q

what is the dimple on top of head of femur? what does this allow to attach?

A
  • fovea
  • ligament attaches with blood supply in articular surface
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12
Q

what is acetabulum? what is the smooth section called?

A
  • socket part of joint
  • no smooth cartilage but smooth section in C shape called lunate surface
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13
Q

what does more force mean?

A
  • greater congruency and percentage of contact
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14
Q

what does neck of femur contain?

A

bony landmarks for muscle attachment
- greater trochanter located laterally
- lesser trochanter located medially

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15
Q

what is the shaft of the femur? what bone is it?

A

runs all the way down to patella
- long bone

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16
Q

what attaches to adductor tubercle?

A
  • adductor magnus in order to bring leg inwards
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17
Q

what are the three differences between male and female pelvic girdle?

A

m= higher iliac crest; f= lower iliac crest
m= pelvic inlet heart shape; f= circular shape
m= pubic rami come together in a V shape; f= angle between rami is wider

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18
Q

what does synovial membrane wrap around and what does it secrete?

A
  • wraps around synovial joint
  • secretes synovial fluid
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19
Q

what is the role of synovia fluid ?

A
  • lubricate joint so moves smoothly and for nutrition as cartilage doesn’t contain a blood supply
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20
Q

where does acetabulum labarum sit ?

A
  • sits all the way around the edge of acetabulum
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21
Q

what is the role of the acetabulum labarum?

A
  • extends the socket to increase stability, congruence and fit between ball and socket
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22
Q

where does joint capsule sit and what’s its role?

A
  • goes around entirety of hip
  • thicker than membrane so provides support and stability
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23
Q

how are the fibres aligned in the joint capsule?

A
  • straight across at the front from femur to innominate bone
  • at back more twisted
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24
Q

what happens to the fibres during extension?

A
  • close packed
  • tightening and wrapping together
  • more stable
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25
Q

how are the fibres aligned in flexion?

A
  • loosely packed
  • less stable
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26
Q

what are the three types of fibres?

A
  • longitudinal, oblique and ocular
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27
Q

what fibres run between femur and innominate bone?

A
  • longitudinal
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28
Q

what fibres run at an angle and around?

A
  • oblique
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29
Q

what fibres loop in and out and don’t cross? explain what its for

A
  • ocular
  • doesn’t bridge gap between two bones but provides more support
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30
Q

what are extracapsular structures?

A
  • provide support on outside; tightening for extension; loosening for flexion
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31
Q

what ligament comes from pubis to femur?

A
  • pubofemoral
32
Q

what ligament comes from ilium to femur?

A
  • iliofemoral
33
Q

what ligament goes from ischium to femur?

A
  • ischiofemoral
34
Q

what is a landmark for nerve and arteries to pass across? where does it run from and what’s its role?

A
  • inguinal ligament
  • runs from ASIS down to pubic tubercle
  • space underneath for substances to pass
35
Q

what are bursas?

A
  • fluid filled sacs that reduce friction where you have soft tissues, muscles, tendons crossing over bones/ joints
36
Q

what is the bursa that allows iliopsoas to pass down and across? what’s its role?

A
  • iliopectineal bursa
  • helps muscles move more freely in anterior section
  • protects iliopsoas tendon
37
Q

what bursa is located next to greater trochanter? what is its role ?

A
  • trochanteric bursa which sits where gluteus muscles insert
  • reduces friction
  • protects gluteus tendon
38
Q

what are the two types of bursa for gluteus muscles?

A
  • gluteus maximus (bottom)
  • gluteus Medius (top)
39
Q

what bridges the gap between lunate surface of acetabulum? what is its role?

A
  • transverse acetabulum ligament
  • provides stability
  • allows more flexibility > solid bone
40
Q

what is the dimple in head of femur called and what is it connected to?

A
  • fovea
  • connected to ligamentum teres
41
Q

what is the role of the fovea?

A
  • stability as holds head in place
  • blood supply due to artery inside
42
Q

where do hip flexors sit?

A
  • crossover front so when they shorten they move forwards
43
Q

what is the main nerve for hip flexors and where does it run? what isn’t innervated by this?

A
  • femoral nerve; runs down front of thigh
  • psoas major supplied by smaller nerves out of spine
44
Q

where do hip extensors fit?

A
  • muscles need to cross over the back
45
Q

what is the main hip extensor nerve?

A
  • sciatic nerve runs down back of leg
  • splits into different sections
46
Q

where do hip abductors sit?

A
  • sit laterally to hip so when they shorten they can pull femur to side
47
Q

what innervates alot of the hip abductors?

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
48
Q

where do hip adductors sit?

A
  • sit medially to hip joint so leg pulled back to central
49
Q

what is the main nerve for hip adductors?

A
  • obturator nerve runs down medial part of thigh
50
Q

what is the role of linear aspera?

A
  • runs down femur length
  • acts as landmark for adductors to insert
51
Q

where do internal rotators sit?

A
  • sit across anterior side of hip
  • rotate towards the body
52
Q

where do external rotators sit?

A
  • sit across posterior area
  • pulls femur out to the side as it is rotation outwards
53
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of psoas major

A

o- bottom 6 vertebrae
I- lesser trochanter
A- hip flexor
I- small nerves coming out of spine

54
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of iliacus

A

o- iliac crest
I- lesser trochanter
a- flexes thigh on trunk
n- femoral

55
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of pectineus

A

o- superior pubic ramus
I- pectineal line
a- flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint
n- femoral

56
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of sartorius

A

o- anterior superior iliac spine to tibia
I- pes anserinus
a- flexes and laterally rotates hip
n- femoral

57
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of rectus femoris

A

o- anterior superior iliac spine
I- base and upper border of patella and tibial tuberosity
a- extends knee and flexes hip
n- femoral

58
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus maximus

A

o- ilium
I- femur; iliotibial band
a- hip extensor/ abductor/ lateral rotator
n-inferior gluteal nerve

59
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of semimebronous

A

o- ischial tuberosity
I- medial tibial condyle
a- hip extensor
n- tibial nerve

60
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of semitendinosus

A

o- ischial tuberosity
I- tibial shaft
a- hip extensor, flexes knee
n- tibial nerve

61
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of biceps femoris

A

o- ischial tuberosity (long head) Linea aspera (short)
I- fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
a- hip extensor
n- sciatic nerve

62
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus minimus

A

o- ilium
I- greater trochanter
a- hip adductor/ medial rotator
n - superior gluteal nerve

63
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus medius

A

o- between anterior and posterior gluteal lines of ileum
I- greater trochanter
a- adductor of thigh
n- superior gluteal nerve

64
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of tensor fascia latae

A

o- iliac crest
I- iliotibial tract
a- hip abductor/ medial rotator
n- superior gluteal nerve

65
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor magnus

A

o- ischiopubic ramus
I- femur (linear aspera)
a- hip adductor
n-obturator nerve

66
Q

what is the gap in the adductor magnus? what is it for?

A
  • hiatus
  • allows blood vessels through
67
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor brevis

A

o- pubis
I- femur (linear aspera)
a- hip adductor
n- obturator nerve

68
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor longus

A

o- pubis
I- femur (linear aspera)
a- hip adductor
n-obturator nerve

69
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gracilius

A

o- pubis
I- anteromedial tibial shaft
a- hip adductor
n- obturator nerve

70
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of obturator externus

A

o- obturator membrane
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotator
n- obturator nerve

71
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of obturator internus

A

o- obturator membrane
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotation
n-obturator nerve

72
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of superior gemellus

A

o- ischial spine
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotator
n-sacral plexus

73
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of inferior gemellus

A

o- ischial tuberosity
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotation
n-sacral plexus

74
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of quadratus femoris

A

o- ischium
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotator
n-femoral nerve

75
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of piriformis

A

o- sacrum
I- greater trochanter
a- lateral rotator
n- sacral plexus

anatomy (17 decks)

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