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anatomy > elbow > Flashcards

elbow Flashcards

1
Q

describe the elbow

A
  • hinge joint that allows movement in sagittal plane i.e. flexion and extension
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2
Q

what does elbow joint involve articulation of?

A
  • humerus, capitulum, trochlea, head of radius and ulna
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3
Q

what does inferior portion of humerus have?

A
  • medial and lateral aspect
  • two ridges and two protuberance on each side
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4
Q

which ridge can be palpated?

A
  • medial ridge; put fingers around arm and displace fingers in lateral part of upper arm greeting elbow
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5
Q

what epicondyle is more pronounced?

A
  • medial is more pronounced than lateral one
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6
Q

what two structures articulate with radial head and ulna in distal area?

A
  • capitulum and trochlea
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7
Q

describe capitulum

A
  • articulates with facet of radial head
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8
Q

describe trochlea

A
  • medially located
  • articulates with ulna
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9
Q

what is the radial fossa? what does it do?

A
  • small shallowed depression on humerus
  • gives space to the head of radius to fit when elbow bends and generates full flexion
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10
Q

what is the coronoid fossa? what does it do?

A
  • depression that fits with coronoid process of ulna
  • helps during full flexion of elbow
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11
Q

what articulates with humerus capitulum?

A
  • articular area of proximal part of radius articulates with facet of radius
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12
Q

describe radial tuberosity

A
  • inferior to neck of radius
  • provides insertion for biceps muscle
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13
Q

what does ulna contain?

A
  • coronoid process
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14
Q

what is the radial notch?

A
  • surface that provides attachment for ligaments
  • articular surface for head of radius
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15
Q

what is the sublime tubercle?

A
  • found medially
  • anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament attaches distally
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16
Q

what is the olecranon fossa?

A
  • depression that provides space for ulna to fit in during elbow extension
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17
Q

what is besides the olecranon fossa?

A
  • groove for ulna nerve
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18
Q

what part of nerve can you palpate?

A
  • superficial nerve can be palpated posteriorly next to medial epicondyle to feel change in sensation
19
Q

what is the olecranon process?

A
  • prominence of ulna providing attachment for triceps
20
Q

what shape is proximal ulna? what does it articulate with?

A
  • large hook - shaped structure
    -articulates with distal humerus and radius head
21
Q

what is the radioulnar joint?

A
  • articulation between ulnar and radius at proximal/ distal end
  • work together to produce pronation + supination
22
Q

what are the layers of the radioulnar joint?

A
  • membrane layer of articular capsule around entire joint
  • fibrous layer of capsule; fibres in different directions so joint stabilised in diff moves
23
Q

what is inbetween the radius and ulna ? what is it’s role?

A
  • interosseous membrane
  • provides stability and flexibility for supination and pronation
24
Q

what allows the passing of arteries in interosseous membrane?

A
  • perfusions
25
Q

what are the ligaments of the proximal radioulnar joint? (4)

A
  • lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, quadrate ligament and annular ligament
26
Q

what is the lateral collateral ligament?

A
  • originates on lateral epicondyle and inserts on head of radius
  • stability during radial movements
27
Q

what is the medial collateral ligament?

A
  • originates on medial epicondyle and inserts onto ulna
  • fibres provide stability on medial region of elbow
28
Q

what is the quadrate ligament?

A
  • connects radius and ulna
  • provides stability and flexibility during different movements of the joint
29
Q

what is the annular ligament?

A
  • provides stability of radial head during spinning movement
30
Q

what is the ligament of the distal radioulnar joint ?

A
  • dorsal radioulnar ligament
31
Q

what is the role of the dorsal radioulnar ligament?

A
  • provides stability
32
Q

what is the cubital fossa?

A
  • triangular shaped depression over anterior aspect of elbow
  • different boundaries
33
Q

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A
  • lateral= brachioradialis
  • medial= pronator teres
  • superior = biceps brachii
34
Q

state origin, insertion and action of biceps brachii

A

O= short= tip of coracoid process of scapula
long head= supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I= tuberosity of radius
A= when forearm is supinated, biceps flex

35
Q

state origin, insertion and action of brachialis

A

O= distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I= coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
A= flexes forearm in all positions primarily pronated

36
Q

state origin, insertion and action of brachioradialis

A

O= lateral ridge of distal humerus
I= lateral surface of distal radius
A= effective flexor when forearm in neutral position

37
Q

state origin, insertion and action of triceps

A

O= long- infraglenoid tubercle; lateral= humerus above radial groove; medial= humerus below radial groove
I= olecranon of ulna
A= extends forearm

38
Q

state origin, insertion and action of anconeus

A

O= lateral epicondyle
I= lateral side of olecranon process
A= extension of elbow

39
Q

state origin, insertion and action of pronator quadratus

A

O= anterior aspect of distal 1/4 of ulna
I= distal 1/4 of radius
action= pronator

40
Q

state origin, insertion and action of pronator teres

A

O= medial super condyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna
I= lateral surface of mid- shaft of radius
A= pronator and weak flexor

41
Q

state origin, insertion and action of biceps brachii

A

O= short- tip of coracoid process
long- supraglenoid tuberosity
I= tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm
A= supinates forearm

42
Q

state origin, insertion and action of supinator

A

O= lateral epicondyle and supinator crest of humerus
I= lateral proximal end of radius (posterior)
A= generates around 90 degrees of supination

43
Q

describe pronation

A
  • radius spins and distal end will overlap the ulna
  • distal radioulnar joint moves
  • contraction of anconeus muscle to generate ulna abduction
44
Q

describe supination

A
  • radius and ulna are parallel to each other
  • uncross radius and ulna

anatomy (17 decks)

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