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anatomy > shoulder > Flashcards

shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

describe the pectoral girdle

A
  • formed of clavicle and scapula
  • clavicle S shape allows 180 degrees lateral abduction
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2
Q

give an overview of pectoral girdle joint

A
  • 3 true joints= sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and glenohumeral
  • 2 other joints= scapulothoracic, subacromial
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3
Q

what type of bones are the scapula and clavicle? how do they move?

A
  • scapula is an irregular
  • clavicle is a flat bone
  • they move as a unit
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4
Q

what is the shoulder’s function?

A
  • mobility i.e. place of hand in space
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5
Q

shoulder stability vs mobility

A
  • stability compromised to increase mobility
  • ROM in all 3 planes
  • shallow socket, negative intra- articular pressure, weak ligaments and muscles
  • labarum + rotator cuff reinforces joint
  • stability and mobility needs to be in equilibrium to create movement
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6
Q

what is the only body link to axial skeleton?

A
  • clavicle’s articulation with sternum (acromion process)
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7
Q

what is the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • conformed by articular surface of sternum (manubrium) and lateral end of clavicle will articulate with acromion of scapula
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8
Q

what ligaments provide stability for sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • anterior sternoclavicular
  • posterior sternocalvicular
  • interclavicular
  • costoclavicular
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9
Q

anterior sternoclavicular ligament of sternoclavicular

A
  • provides anterior stability of the joint
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10
Q

posterior sternocalvicular ligament of sternoclavicular

A
  • provides stability in posterior direction of the joint
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11
Q

interclavicular ligament of sternoclavicular

A
  • provides superior stability as goes from superior part of joint
  • links both articulations
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12
Q

costoclavicular ligament of sternoclavicular

A
  • short but strong
  • goes from cartilage of first rib to clavicle
  • resists elevation of pectoral girdle
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13
Q

describe acromioclavicular joint

A
  • joint at the top of shoulder where acromion meets lateral end of clavicle
  • 3 axes
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14
Q

what are the 3 ligaments that provide stability for acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • acromioclavicular, trapezoid (inferior) and conoid
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15
Q

what is the degree of movement in acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • 20-30 degrees total gliding and rotational motion
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16
Q

trapezoid ligament of acromioclavicular

A
  • underneath joint
  • lateral distribution as inserted into inferior base of clavicle in trapezoidal line to provide stability for rotation
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17
Q

conoid ligaments of acromioclavicular joint

A
  • medial distribution
  • twists to insert into coracoclavicular inferior face
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18
Q

describe the glenohumeral joint

A
  • articulation between spherical head of humerus and concave glenoid fossa (scapula)
  • ball and socket joint
  • 3 axes; f-e; a-a; l-m
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19
Q

what is the role of the labarum?

A
  • increases articular surface for movement of head of humerus
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20
Q

what are the five ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • superior, medial and inferior glenohumeral
  • transverse humeral and coracohumeral
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21
Q

what does glenohumeral joint contain lots of? what is the synovial membrane?

A
  • contains lots of bursae
  • synovial membrane is important as provides lubrication for movement of articular surfaces
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22
Q

what increases stability of humeral head during elevation movements?

A
  • tendon of the long head of biceps
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23
Q

superior glenohumeral ligament

A
  • provides stability in superior and anterior directions
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24
Q

medial glenohumeral ligament

A
  • provides stability in anterior direction
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25
Q

inferior glenohumeral ligament

A
  • provides inferior stability of the joint
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26
Q

transverse humeral ligament of glenohumeral

A
  • keeps tendon on groove of humerus
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27
Q

coracle humeral ligament of glenohumeral

A
  • superiorly located
  • starts in base of coracoid process and is inserted into humerus laterally from greater to lesser tubercle
  • stability in superior movements of head of humerus
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28
Q

coracle acromion ligament

A
  • provides stability and reinforces the coracoid arch, which acts as a roof for movement of head of humerus and roof for subacromial joint
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29
Q

what is the point of bursas around joints? what is the bursa in fibrous layer?

A
  • provide navigation for different muscles
  • sub coracoid bursa
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30
Q

sub coracoid bursa function

A
  • decreases friction of movement of tendons of coracobrachialis and other muscles
  • important in fertility as if inflamed they can provoke pain, swelling and restrict movement
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31
Q

describe scapulothoracic articulation

A
  • sliding junction between deep aspect of scapula and thoracic rib cage
  • enables integration of movements of scapula against underlying chest wall
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32
Q

describe subacromial articulation

A
  • space directly beneath acromion and directly above shoulder joint
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33
Q

what happens to structures as arm is lifted?

A
  • humeral head and acromion draw nearer
  • narrows space
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34
Q

what is elevation and depression?

A

elevation- moves up
depression- moves down

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35
Q

what is elevation performed by?

A
  • trapezius and levator scapulae
36
Q

what is depression performed by?

A
  • ascending part of trapezius, transverse part, pectoralis minor and latissimus dorsi
  • inserted into humeral bone so combined action depresses shoulder pulling down humerus
37
Q

what is protraction and retraction?

A
  • protraction involves moving away from midline
  • retraction involves moving towards midline
38
Q

what performs protraction?

A
  • pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
  • scapula glides around thorax in interior direction so medial border of scapula moved away from spine
39
Q

what performs retraction?

A
  • trapezius, latissimus dorsi and contribution of rhomboid major/ minor
40
Q

what is upward rotation and downward rotation ?

A
  • upwards> raising arms ; inferior angle moves laterally from spine
  • downwards> drop arms; inferior angle moves medially towards spine
41
Q

what is upward rotation performed by?

A
  • upper fibres of trapezius and serratus anterior
  • pulls inferior angle of scapula upwards
42
Q

how is downward rotation performed?

A
  • combo of scapula, rhomboids and pectoralis minor pulling the coracoid process
43
Q

what is scaption ?

A
  • moving the glenohumeral joint in scapula plane
  • 60 degrees angle away from midline
44
Q

what is the scapulohumeral rhythm?

A
  • ratio of glenohumeral movement to scapulothoracic movement during arm elevation
  • 2:1 ratio as 120 degrees of GH abduction and 60 degrees of ST rotation
45
Q

inferior glenoid tuberosity

A
  • provides insertion for long head of triceps brachii
46
Q

supra glenoid tuberosity

A
  • provides insertion for bicep brachii
47
Q

what do you get if you follow the spine?

A
  • blunt angle known as acromion angle
48
Q

greater tuberosity

A
  • lateral aspect of humerus
  • close to head of humerus
49
Q

lesser tuberosity

A
  • anterior and medial aspect of humerus
50
Q

where is the anatomical neck?

A
  • between two tuberosities and head of humerus
51
Q

intertuberosity groove

A
  • found between crest of greater and lesser tuberosity
  • provides pathway for long head of triceps brachii
52
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A
  • provides attachment for deltoid
  • triangular roughening in surface
53
Q

radial nerve groove

A
  • shallow depression on posterior side of humerus
  • insertion for biceps brachii
54
Q

what is the glenoid fossa?

A
  • hollow area that is the articular surface of scapula
55
Q

what is infraspinous fossa?

A
  • provides attachment for infraspinatus muscle
56
Q

what is supraspinous fossa?

A
  • provides attachment for supraspinatus muscle
57
Q

subscapular fossa

A
  • important for scapula stability and provides attachment for subscapularis
58
Q

what does coracoid process provide?

A
  • attachment for ligaments and tendons
59
Q

what is olecranon?

A
  • tuberosity that provides insertion for triceps
60
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of descending part of trapezius

A

L= posterior side of pectoral girdle
O= occipital bone
I= (posterior) clavicle + acromion
A= elevation+ retraction

61
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of transverse part of trapezius

A

L= posterior side of pectoral girdle
O= C7-T4
I= acromion scapula
A= elevation+ retraction

62
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of ascending part of trapezius

A

L= posterior side of pectoral girdle
O= T5- 12
I= medial 1/2 of scapula
A= retraction+ depression

63
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of levator scapulae

A

L= posterior side of pectoral girdle
O= C1-4
I= superior angle of scapula
A= elevation

64
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of rhomboid minor

A

L= posterior side of pectoral girdle
O= nuclei ligament and spinous process C7-T1
I= medial border of scapula
A= retraction

65
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of rhomboid major

A

L= posterior side of pectoral girdle
O= T2-T5
I= medial border of scapula
A= retraction

66
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of latissimus dorsi

A

L= posterior side of pectoral girdle
O= T6-T12, L1-L5, crest of sacrum, iliac crest, inferior 4 ribs
I= intertubercular groove of humerus
A= depression, retraction

67
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of subclavius

A

L= anterior side of pectoral girdle
O= costal end of first rib +costal cartilage
I= inferior surface of clavicle
A= stabilises pectoral girdle

68
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of pectoralis minor

A

L= anterior side of pectoral girdle
O= anterior 3rd- 5th rib
I= coracoid process
A= protraction+ depression

69
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of pectoralis major

A

L- anterior side of pectoral girdle
O= clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage
I= greater tuberosity of humerus
A= depression

70
Q

location, origin, insertion and action of serratus anterior

A

L= anterior side of pectoral girdle
O= 1st- 9th rib
I= medial border of scapula
A= protraction

71
Q

origin, insertion and action of supraspinatus

A

O= supraspinatus falsa
I= greater tuberosity of humerus
A= glenohumeral abductor

72
Q

origin, insertion and action of middle deltoid (acromion part)

A

O= scapula acromion
I= deltoid tuberosity
A= glenohumeral abductor

73
Q

origin, insertion and action of latissimus dorsi- adductor

A

O= T7-T12
I= intertubercular groove of humerus
A= glenohumeral adductor, extensor and medial rotator

74
Q

origin, insertion and action of pectoralis major

A

O= clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage
I= greater tuberosity of humerus
A= glenohumeral adduction, flexion and medial rotator

75
Q

origin, insertion and action of teres major

A

O= inferior angle of scapula
I= lesser tuberosity
A= glenohumeral adductor and medial rotator

76
Q

origin, insertion and action of coracobrachialis

A

O= coracoid process
I= medial aspect of humerus
A= glenohumeral adductor and flexor
- lifts arm to 90 degrees abduction to allow horizontal movement

77
Q

what is horizontal adduction performed by?

A
  • pectorals major, anterior portion of deltoid and coracobrachialis
78
Q

what is horizontal abduction performed by?

A
  • teres minor and posterior fibres of deltoid
79
Q

origin, insertion and action of anterior deltoid- flexor

A

O= clavicle
I= deltoid humeral tuberosity
A= glenohumeral flexor, transverse abductor and medial rotator

80
Q

origin, insertion and action of posterior deltoid

A

O= spine of scapula
I= deltoid tuberosity
A= glenohumeral extender/horizontal abductor/ lateral rotation

81
Q

origin, insertion and action of biceps brachii- flexor

A

O= long -supraglenoid tuberosity
short- coracoid process
I= radial tuberosity
A- glenohumeral flexor

82
Q

origin, insertion and action of triceps long head

A

O= infraglenoid tuberosity
I= common tendon of ulna
A= glenohumeral extender

83
Q

origin, insertion and action of triceps medial and lateral head

A

O= posterior humerus
I= common tenson of ulna
A= glenohumeral extensor

84
Q

origin, insertion and action of subscapularis

A

O= subscapularis fossa
I= lesser humerus tuberosity
A= glenohumeral medial rotator

85
Q

origin, insertion and action of infraspinatus

A

O= infraspinatus fossa
I= greater tuberosity of humerus
A= glenohumeral lateral rotator

86
Q

describe rotator cuff muscles

A
  • important for active stability of glenohumeral joint
  • supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor
87
Q

where are rotator cuff muscles inserted? what is their role?

A
  • inserted around humeral head and main action is to rotate humerus medially and laterally
  • helps centralise head of humerus during movements

anatomy (17 decks)

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