Wounds (BacT 2) Flashcards
What family do Actinomyces spp. belong to?
Actinomycetaceae
Actinomycetaceae includes filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria.
What is a key characteristic of Nocardia spp.?
Gram positive, filamentous, branching rods
Nocardia spp. are environmental organisms typically found in soil.
What type of bacteria are Actinomyces spp.?
Mostly facultative anaerobes, some strict anaerobes
This means they can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen.
What is a classic diagnostic feature of Actinomyces infections?
Sulfur granules
These are aggregates of microorganisms found in exudates, presenting a sand-like texture.
What types of infections are associated with Actinomyces spp.?
Polymicrobial infections, abscesses, osteomyelitis
Actinomyces can often be found in mixed infections.
What does the term ‘lumpy jaw’ refer to?
A condition caused by Actinomyces infections
Lumpy jaw is characterized by swelling and abscess formation in the jaw area.
What is a common condition that can arise from Nocardia infections?
Osteomyelitis
Nocardia infections can lead to deep tissue infections, including bone infections.
Fill in the blank: Nocardia spp. are _____ to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
usually susceptible
This susceptibility can guide treatment options.
What is the role of TH1 mediated immunity in Nocardia infections?
Critical for survival against the infection
TH1 immunity helps in controlling intracellular pathogens like Nocardia.
What is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis commonly known as?
Pigeon Fever
It is also referred to as pigeon breast and affects various livestock.
What is a defining characteristic of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Gram positive rods
These bacteria are facultative anaerobes and can survive in phagocytes.
How is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis typically transmitted?
Through broken skin and flies as mechanical vectors
The bacteria can spread via lymphatics leading to caseous lymphadenitis.
What is the significance of phospholipase D in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Cytotoxic to host cells
This enzyme contributes to the pathogenesis of the infection.
What clinical signs are associated with chronic infection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Wasting, ulcerative lymphangitis
These signs indicate a severe and persistent infection.
What is the role of a killed bacterin vaccine in sheep for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Traditional identification method
Vaccination aims to prevent infection in susceptible populations.
What is a common differential diagnosis for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Trueperella pyogenes
Trueperella is an opportunistic pathogen and not contagious.
What is the recommended treatment for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Long term penicillin treatment
Treatment can be challenging due to environmental persistence.
True or False: Nocardia will grow in anaerobic conditions.
False
Nocardia requires aerobic conditions for growth.
