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Kydada's Ologies > Rods And Draining Tracts > Flashcards

Rods And Draining Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the general broad strokes of filamentous rods

A

Called higher bacteria (sometimes)
Have complex cell colony morphology
Usually causes dermatological diseases
Can cause serious disease in animals and/or humans

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2
Q

Deep chronic infections are associated with _____

A

G+ branching rods in dogs cats horses and cattle

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3
Q

Actinomyces is gram ____ and causes what? Is it a higher bacteria?

A

+, non-spore forming, usually branching, most facultative anaerobes, considered a higher bacteria

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4
Q

Lumpy jaw is associated with_____

A

Actinomyces sharp feed

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5
Q

Disease of Actinomyces is associated with____

A

Migrating foreign bodies (grass awns)
Bite wounds
Sharp feed
Polymicrobial infection

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6
Q

Is Actinomyces normal flora? And if so of where?

A

Normal flora of oropharynx and genital mucosa

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7
Q

What kind of damage does Actinomyces cause

A

Virulence mechanism isn’t understood well but it does cause pyogranulomatous inflammation (neutrophils-macrophages/monocytes)

Also causes deep infections and osteomyelitis

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8
Q

Spectrum of Actinomyces diseases!

A

Oral pyogranulomatous
Pyogranulomatous pleuritis and pyothorax
Abscesses
Osteomyelitis

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9
Q

What is usually associated with penetrating wounds or foreign bodies

A

Pyothorax and pyogranulomatous pleuritis

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10
Q

What is a ubiquitous soil organism

A

Nocardia

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11
Q

Is nocardia g +/- and is it spore forming?

A

G+ and non spore forming

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12
Q

What bacteria occasionally produces beading is a higher bacteria and sometimes has branching filamentous rods and is a obligate aerobes with a similar spectrum of disease to Actinomyces

A

Nocardia

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13
Q

What are the key differences with Actinomyces and nocaridia

A

Underlying immunocompromised is common
Animals on immunosuppressive drugs

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14
Q

What kinds of disease does nocardia cause

A

Pyogranulomatous inflammation
Usually no polymicrobial infections

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15
Q

What’s the immune response to nocardia

A

TH1 mediated immunity is critical
Survives in the macrophages
Cells walls are like mycobacterium and they contain mycolic acid (helps to resist oxidative burst of neutrophils. And the macrophage lysosomal enzymes)

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16
Q

Which bacteria is partially acid-fast?

A

Nocardia (the stain detects mycolic acid in the cell wall)

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17
Q

Can nocardia grow anaerobically?

A

No

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18
Q

Is histopathology helpful for dx of nocardia

A

Yes but it is not definitive. They grow slow and have about a 72 hour lab turnaround

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19
Q

What’s sulphur granules

A

Classic diagnostic feature of Actinomyces and nocardia. It is aggregates of microorganisms that make a sand like texture.

Splendore-hoeppli material is present in histopathology sections

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20
Q

Actinomyces is predictably susceptible to____

A

Penicillins

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21
Q

But nocardia is susceptible t__

A

TMS

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22
Q

What is critical in the treatment of both nocardia and Actinomyces

A

Surgical debridement and debulking

23
Q

What causes rain rot/ rain scald and in what animals

A

Horses
Dermatophulus

24
Q

Streptotrichosis is caused by what bacteria and in what animals

A

Cattle
Dermatophilus

25
What bacteria forms spore-like forms of zoospores that are g+ rods branching and are filamentous a facultative anaerobes and are capnophilic and are motile because they have cocci with flagella
Dermatophilus congolensis
26
Lumpy wool and stretotrichosis is in what animals and caused by what bacteria
Dermatophilus
27
How is Dermatophilus spread
Grooming equipment/tack stuff Plants Arthropods Infected animals Strong associations with moisture and warm temperatures (hence the name rain rot!)
28
How does Dermatophilus do its damage
Severe scabbing and hair loss (this is a clinical sign) Suppurative inflammation leading to hyperkeratosis Proteases break down keratin Proliferates in the epidermis
29
Diagnosis of Dermatophilus
Cytology of crust/ and or exudate Histopathology Bacterial culture of crusts and or excudate is definitive (Train tracks g+ rods)
30
Management of Dermatophilus
Minimise moist conditions Control insects Clean tack an blankets Most cases self limiting Benzoyl peroxide shampoos are helpful in horses Anti microbial mean severe cases (Penicillins, doxycycline in horses, oxytetracycline in cattle, chloramphenicol but not in cattle)
31
What bacteria causes glanders
Burkholdaria mallei
32
Sum up b mallei
G- rod Aerobic Non spore forming Highly contagious US is glanders free! It’s reportable! Facultative intracellular
33
What animal is silent carrier for glanders
Horses and they carry the chronic form
34
What anima get the acute form of glanders
Donkeys
35
What’s the damage of b mallei
Pyogranulomatous lymphangitis Causes abscesses that can be fatal Can spread regionally or systemically
36
What’s the distribution of b mallei
Asia Africa South America (A3) Bioterrorism potential
37
What’s the encounter and entry of b mallei
Through reservoir animals Infected equips (horses donkey and zebras) through draining lesions and respiratory secretions Fomites
38
Is b mallei zoonotic
Yes!
39
What is the cutaneous forms of the disease called
Farcy
40
Dx and control of b mallei
Culture- it grows well on blood agar. ID through MALDI-TOF or PCR Has to be confirmed 9th USDA-APHIS Horse screening programs - intradermal testing with mallein. Filtered sterile extract of organism it is similar to a TB test
41
What is the distribution of melloidosis
Highly endemic in South Asia and the pacific (along the coast of Australia) It is endemic to parts of Australia and the islands of the pacific
42
Burkholderia pseudomallei (mallei) is
G- rod non spore forming Aerobic Facultative intracellualr Ubiquitous soil and water Less contagious than b mallei Sporadic occurrence of disease but causes similar lesions to b mallei Wide host range And is a zoonotic tropical disease
43
B pseudomallei grows on what kind of agar and how is it similar to glanders
MacConkey agar Also grows on blood agar And it is reportable cos its a potential for bioterrorism agent
44
Tell me about corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
G+ rod Facultative anaerobe Facultative intracelluar REcTL organism Important disease cause in sheep’s and goats- caseous lymphadenitis (CL) Also causes sporadic disease in horses and cattle
45
Entry of c pseudotuberculosis
Broken skin (sheering, castigation, head butting males) Mechanial vectors like flies
46
What is encounter for horses with c pseudotuberculosis
Equine bio type Unknown carrier and reservoir Nitrate positive
47
The ovine/ caprine bio type for c pseudotuberculosis
Is nitrate negative The infected carriers exist and act as reservoirs
48
What’s the damage of c pseudotuberculosis
It survives in phagocytes Leads to abscess formation (pyogranulomatous) Spread through the lymph’s Makes phospholipase C which is toxic to host cells and has a virulence factor
49
Where does c pseudotuberculosis shed
Milk
50
Can c pseudotuberculosis spread and be chronic
Yes it can spread to other organs and chronic infection leads to wasting
51
What is endemic to the western US dry climates is seasonal (summer) causes lymphangitis and is sometimes called pigeon breast or pigeon fever
Equine and bovine c pseudotuberculosis
52
What is the ddx for c pseudotuberculosis
Aerobic culture off exudate MALDI-TOF G+ rods Small dry colonies with white bear-haemolytic CAMP test rxn with R equi (enhanced haemolysis Common ddx is t pyogenes
53
What test is useful for testing the entire herd for c pseudotuberculosis
Synergistic haemolysis Inhibition Test (SHI) Detects antibodies against phospholipase D Poor specific in uninfected animals
54
What are the control methods for c pseudotuberculosis
Cull sheep and goats Practise good shearing hygiene Fly control There is a killed bacteria available for sheep Long term penicillin treatment Biovars aren’t transmitted between caprine/ovine and equine/bovine

Kydada's Ologies (21 decks)

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