BacT (Gram Neg Rods) Flashcards
What type of bacteria is Fusobacterium?
Gram negative anaerobic bacteria
Fusobacterium is part of the family Fusobacteriaceae and is known for its role in various infections.
What is the primary characteristic of obligate anaerobes like Fusobacterium?
They cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
This characteristic makes them distinct from facultative anaerobes.
What is a common consequence of bovine liver abscesses?
They can lead to significant financial problems for cattle producers.
Bovine liver abscesses are often associated with high grain diets leading to rumen acidosis.
What type of response do neutrophils have to Fusobacterium infections?
A marked inflammatory response.
This response can lead to tissue damage and facilitate secondary infections.
What is calf diphtheria associated with?
Secondary problem in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex.
Calf diphtheria occurs when normal opportunistic anaerobic bacteria invade damaged tissues.
What is a common cause of lameness in cattle?
Bovine footrot.
Bovine footrot is often due to chronic exposure to moist environments and is a polymicrobial infection.
Fill in the blank: F. necrophorum is a key player in __________.
bovine footrot.
It is often involved along with other bacteria such as Trueperella and Bacteroides.
What is traumatic reticular pericarditis also known as?
Hardware disease.
This condition occurs when cattle ingest sharp objects that poke through the cranial reticulum.
What is the role of the bacteria Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium in hardware disease?
They typically inoculate the pericardial sac.
These bacteria are part of the mixture of gram-negative anaerobes involved in this condition.
True or False: Routine diagnosis of traumatic reticular pericarditis always requires pericardiocentesis.
False.
Clinical presentation is often pathognomonic, and pericardiocentesis is not always necessary.
What are some systemic antimicrobial therapies used for footrot in cattle?
*Cefiofur
*Oxytetracycline
*Penicillin (off-label use)
These antimicrobials are used to treat infections associated with footrot.
What is a method for preventing hardware disease?
Removal of metal scraps from the environment.
Using magnets can also help in preventing this condition.
What is the purpose of the killed F. necrophorum bacterin vaccine?
Reduces clinical signs of footrot.
The vaccine has minimal efficacy for preventing liver abscesses.
What environmental factors contribute to the success of opportunistic pathogens in hooved animals?
*Dietary factors
*Viral infections
*Damaged epidermis
*Environmental conditions (such as mud and feces)
These factors create conditions that facilitate infections by opportunistic pathogens.
What condition is associated with Treponema spp. in cattle?
Strawberry foot rot (papillomatous digital dermatitis).
This condition is characterized by lesions and is contagious.
What distinguishes noncontagious and contagious forms of ovine footrot?
Noncontagious: F. necrophorum/T. pyogenes
Contagious: Dichelobacter nodosus
Noncontagious forms are typically seen in sheep predisposed to infection.
Fill in the blank: Hairy heel wart is typically seen in __________.
dairy cattle.
This condition is associated with strict anaerobic spirochetes.
