Wound Healing, Cytokines

Question 1

Myofibroblasts (smooth muscle/fibroblast) provide __. Contract from ___. Responsible for healing by ____.

Answer 1

wound contraction; center of wound; secondary intention

Question 2

Collagen type ___: most abundant throughout.

Answer 2

I

Question 3

Principal collagen in scar (late): ___.

Answer 3

III: in healing wound

Question 4

Collagen low in Ehler-Danlos, in basement membranes: ___.

Answer 4

IV

Question 5

Collagen in cartilage ____.

Answer 5

XI (and II)

Question 6

Collagen is:
\_\_\_ x 3
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_
\_\_\_
and \_\_\_ needed for prolyl hydroxylase

Answer 6

glycine, alpha-ketoglutarate, vitamin C, o2, and iron needed for prolyl hydroxylase, crosslinking

Question 7

Collagen production begins _____.

Max at ____, then constant amount but more ____

Answer 7

Day 3; day 21; crosslinking, strength

Question 8

True or false: Tensile strenth eventually becomes equal to pre-wound

Answer 8

False: Tensile strenth NEVER equal to pre-wound

Question 9

Giving vitamin A reduces deleterious effects of ____ on ____

Answer 9

steroids on wound healing

Question 10

Cells to wound (in order).

___, ____, ____, to _____ (dominant by day __).

Answer 10

platelets, PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts, day 5 (macrophages essential)

Question 11

TGF-Beta stimulates ____; too much/too long leads to ____. Also chemotactic for _____. Speeds/slows healing? __.

Answer 11

fibroblasts; fibrosis; neutrophils; speeds healing

Question 12

PDGF attracts ____ and incr/decr ___ smooth muscle for matrix deposition and collagen formation?

Answer 12

fibroblasts; increase smooth muscle

Question 13

_____ is used in chemotherapy patients to increase neutrophil and macrophage activity

Answer 13

GmCSF

Question 14

_____ from platelets; platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction

Answer 14

TxA2

Question 15

____ from endothelium; platelet inhibition; vasodilation; bronchodilation

Answer 15

PGI2 (prostacyclin)

Question 16

Initial cytokine response to injury/infection dependent on ____, ____, _____.

Answer 16

TNF/IL1 (synergistic), CXC, IL6

Question 17

TNF: main source is _______/_____. ______ is most potent stimulus for production. Overall has a pro/anti coagulant effect? ____.

Answer 17

macrophages/monocytes; endotoxin (LPS a); pro-coagulant

Question 18

______ responsible for wasting, cachexia in cancer patients; by _______, _____, ______.

Answer 18

TNF; lipolysis, glycolysis, anorexia

Question 19

___ recruits, activates neutrophils–> more cytokines, free radicals. Exaggerated response -> ___.

Answer 19

TNF; MOSF

Question 20

____ also from macs/monos; potentiates TNF

Answer 20

IL-1

Question 21

Interleukin responsible for fever ____.

Answer 21

IL-1

Question 22

IL-1 acts to increase ____.

Answer 22

IL-6

Question 23

IL-1 increases endothelium adherence via
____
____
____

Answer 23

selectins, ICAM, VCAM

Question 24

Acute phase response:
______
_______

Answer 24

Increase fever; catabolism

Question 25

Acute phase response:
Incr/decr?
C-reactive protein (CRP, an opsonin), amyoid, fibrinogen, haptoglobin,ceruloplasmin, A-1 antitrypsin, albumin, transferrin, fibronectin….

Answer 25

Increase CRP, amyloid, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, AT antitrypsin
Decrease albumin, transferrin, fibronectin

Question 26

_______: chemotactic, important in angiogenesis, wound healing

Answer 26

CXC chemokines; C stands for cysteine