Fluid, Electrolytes, Nutrition Flashcards
FeNa: _ (value)
Urine Na: _
BUN/Cr: _
All indicative of low volume, ‘pre-renal’
FeNa < 1
Urine Na < 20
BUN/Cr > 30
All indicative of low volume, pre renal
Saliva K conc: _
Gastric K conc: _
Pancreatic/duodenal K conc: _ (meq)
Saliva 20, Gastric 10, pancreatic/duodenal 5
Branched chain amino acids are metabolized where? (a.a.’s _, _, _)
Metabolized in muscle (leucine, isoleucine, valine); all essential
Vitamin D is made in the _ (organ), then to _ (organ) as 25 OH, then to the _ (organ) then active
skin to liver to kidney
Vitamin D:
Mech: increases _ binding to _ in order to _ (increase/decrease) _ (absoprtion/explusion) of _
Increases Ca binding to PROTEIN to incr intestinal absorption of Ca
Vitamin A reverses _
adverse effects of steroids on wound healing
TBW: Infant _ % Men _% Women _% Obese _%
infant 80%
men 60%
women 50%
10% less if obese (less h2o in fat)
Water distribution, if TBW is 60%
_% cellular
_% intestinal
_% plasma
40% cellular
15% intestinal
5% plasma
Carbs have _ kcal/g
Protein has _ kcal/g
Fat has _ kcal/g
carbs 3.4
protein 4
fat 9
Basal calorie expenditure: _ kcal/kg/day
25 kcal/kg/day (~1g protein/kg/day needed)
Respiratory quotient:
Definition: ratio of _ produced to _ consumed
_ = fat used
_ = carb used
ratio of co2 produced to o2 consumed
- 7 fat used
- 0 carb used
_ g of protein contains 1 g of nitrogen
6.25g of protein contains 1 g of nitrogen
N balance
N in - N out = (Protein/6.25) - (24hrs urine N + 4g)
_ preferred fuel of the colon
Short chain fatty acids
_ preferred fuel of the small bowel
glutamine
1 amino acid in blood stream
glutamine
Glutamine levels during stress _ (increase/decrease) in order to _
see decr levels with stress as glutamine goes to kidney to form AMMONIUM to help acidosis
Glutamine shown to _ (incr/decr)translocation
_ (incr/decr) mucosal health with chemo or RT to bowel
Decr translocation
Incr mucosal health with chemo or RT
Fat Digestion:
_ to _ to _ to _
Micelles to enterocytes to chylomicrons to lymphatics (to jxn LIJ/SCV) (Every Year)
Only _ and _ go to portal system
Medium and short chain triglycerides go to portal system with aa’s and carbs
Chromium deficiency:
_ , _
hyperglycemia (relative diabetes); neuropathy
Zinc deficiency:
_, _, _, _
perioral rash, hair loss, poor healing, change in taste
Phosphate deficiency:
_, _
weakness (respiratory), encephalopathy (needed for ATP)
Copper deficiency:
_, _
anemia; neutropenia
Linoleic acid (essential fatty acids) deficiency: _, _, _
dermatitis, hair loss, change in vision
Vitamin A vs. Vitamin C
Vitamin A can decrease Vitamin C stores
Cori Cycle:
_ to _, to the _, to _
Glucose to lactate, to the liver, to glucose
Starvation:
Brain begins using _ from _
Ketones from fatty acids (normally brain and RBCs are dependent on glutamine)
Late starvation:
_ shifts to _ as _ is depleted
Gluconeogenesis shifts to kidney as liver is depleted of alanine
Normal saline is _ (meqs)
154 meq Na and Cl
Lactate ringer is _ (meqs)
Na 130, K 4, Ca 2.7, Cl 109, bicarb 28
Alkalosis causes _ (K) by _ (mech)
Causes hypokalemia by driving K into cells and into urine (exchange for H+)
Hyperkalemia EKG findings
peaked T wave, wide QRS)
HyperK Rx: _ first _, _ + _ _ _ if severe
Ca to protect heart
Bicarb, insulin + glucose
Kayexalate
Dialysis if severe: ‘C Big K die’
