Immunology/Infection

Question 1

IL4 stimulates… to become…

Answer 1

B cells to become plasma cells (antibody secreting)

Question 2

_, _, are opsonins, are able to fix complement

Answer 2

IgG, IgM, (2IgGs or IgM needed)

Question 3

_ made first and has decreased levels after splenectomy

Answer 3

IgM

Question 4

This antibody in secretions

Answer 4

IgA

Question 5

This antibody is a helper, largely unknown

Answer 5

IgD

Question 6

This antibody is #1 in serum, crosses placenta

Answer 6

IgG

Question 7

This antibody is in allergic reactions, type I hypersensitivity, histamine release (mast cell, basophil), parasites

Answer 7

IgE

Question 8

_ region of antibody responsible for antigen recognition

Answer 8

variable region

Question 9

Complement cascade:
_, _ are anaphylatoxins
- are membrane attack complex

Answer 9

C3a and C5a are anaphylatoxins

c5-c9 are membrane attack complex

Question 10

_ pathway initiated by antibodies

_pathway initiated by bacteria

Answer 10

classic; alternative

Question 11

classic and alternative pathways converge on _

Answer 11

c3

Question 12

MHC I:
CD 8/4?
on what cells?
# chains?

Answer 12

CD8 activation; on all nucleated cells; single chain

Question 13

MHC II:
CD 8/4?
on what cells?
# chians?

Answer 13

CD 4 activation; on B cells, dendrities, monocytes; 2 chains

Question 14

Natural Killer cells:
T or B cell or neither?
Antigen presentation needed?
MHC recognized?

Answer 14

Neither B nor T cells; No ag presentation needed, recognize cells without self-MHC

Question 15

_ responsible for immunosurveillance against cancer

Answer 15

Natural killer cells

Question 16

_ converts natural killer cell to lymphocyte activated killer

Answer 16

IL-2

Question 17

Best test to evaluate cell-mediated immunity

Answer 17

Intradermal skin test

Question 18

Source of histamine in blood

Answer 18

Basophils

Question 19

Source of histamine in tissue

Answer 19

Mast cells

Question 20

This is a lipopolysaccharide A from gram negative bacteria

Answer 20

Endotoxin

Question 21

This comes 24hrs before overt sepsis

Answer 21

Hyperglycemia

Question 22

Late sepsis noted by decreased _ so increased in _ and decreased _ difference

Answer 22

o2 extraction; sv02; a-v o2

Question 23

sv02 normal 66-77%, so >77% = _ or ; <66% = or _

Answer 23

sepsis or cyanide poisoning; decreased CO or decreased SA 02

Question 24

4 intraabdominal abscess locations: _, _, _, and _,

Answer 24

sub-diaphragmatic, sub-hepatic, inter-loop, and pelvic

Question 25

Rx for C diff colitis

Answer 25

Oral vancomycin or flagyl

Question 26

_ and _ infections can present within hours postop

Answer 26

B-strep; clostridial (Every year)

Question 27

_ is coagulase negative; may produce clear slime with chronic infection (vascular)

Answer 27

Staph aureus

Question 28

Antibiotic is bactericidal, irreversible binding to ribosome, resistance due to decr active transport

Answer 28

aminoglycosides

Question 29

Clindamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin:
Bacteriostatic/cidal?
irreversible/reversible binding to ribosome?

Answer 29

bacteriostatic; reversible binding

Question 30

Antibiotic _ binds plasma membrane; resistance due to _.

Answer 30

vancomycin; altered cell wall

Question 31

MRSA resistance due to _, not due to a _.

Answer 31

change in bacteria binding protein; Beta lactamase

Question 32

_ and _ inhibit Beta-lactamase

Answer 32

Sulbactam; clavulanate

Question 33

Antibiotic _ binds sterols to alter fungal cell wall. 80% get _.

Answer 33

Amphotericin; renal impairment; see anemia, fever

Question 34

Antibiotic _ mechanism is DNA gyrase inhibition/stimulation? PO or IV route faster?

Answer 34

quinolones (cipro); DNA gyrase inhibition; PO and IV routes equivalent