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Medical Conditions II > Wound Care (Lab Info--Teri) > Flashcards

Wound Care (Lab Info--Teri) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Primary Dressing

A
  • material used to cover wound

- often to control exudate, prevent environmental contamination

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2
Q

Secondary Dressing

A
  • material used to cover/secure primary dressing

- may or may not be sterile

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3
Q

Requirements for Optimal Wound healing

A
  • optimal moisture
  • get necrotic tissue out
  • fill dead space
  • protect periwound skin
  • manage wound bacteria (bioburden)
  • protect and insulate
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4
Q

Purposes of Secondary Dressing

A
  • protect injured area
  • hold splint/primary dressing in place
  • exert pressure to prevent/decrease edema/bleeding
  • support (sling)
  • limit motion
  • maintain body heat
  • decrease blood supply (tourniquet)
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5
Q

Purposes of Primary Dressing

A
  • decrease contamination potential
  • absorb fluid
  • apply medication to wound
  • keep area warm
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6
Q

6 Helpful Hints in Dressing Selection

A
  1. identify purpose of proposed treatment
  2. consider wound-related factors
  3. consider product-related factors
  4. consider patient-related factors
  5. avoid complications
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7
Q

ID purpose of dressing (11)

A
  1. produce rapid and cosmetically acceptable healing
  2. remove/contain odor
  3. reduce pain
  4. prevent/combat infection
  5. contain exudate/drainage
  6. debridement
  7. cost
  8. minimum distress/disturbance to pt
  9. compression
  10. pressure distribution
  11. safety
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8
Q

5 Wound-related factors

A
  • wound type
  • wound description
  • wound characteristics
  • Wound location
  • bacterial profile
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9
Q

Wound Types

A
  • superficial
  • full thickness
  • cavity/tunnel
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10
Q

Wound Description

A
  • eschar
  • slough
  • granulating
  • epithelializing
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11
Q

Wound Characteristics

A
  • dry
  • moist
  • heavy drainage
  • malodorous
  • excessively painful
  • difficult to dress
  • bleeds easily
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12
Q

Bacterial Profile

A
  • sterile
  • colonized (bacteria, but not infected)
  • infected
  • infected w/ potential to cross-infect
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13
Q

Product-Related Factors

A
  • conformability
  • mass or volume
  • fluid-handling properties
  • sensitization potential
  • odor-absorbing properties
  • antibacterial activity
  • hemostatic properties
  • permeability to tissue fluid and microorganisms
  • ease of use
  • pain related factors
  • non-toxic
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14
Q

Patient-Related Factors

A
  • activity level
  • state of continence
  • mental status
  • known sensiivity to medicated dressings
  • fragile or easily damaged skin
  • need to bathe/shower frequently
  • compliance
  • caregiver
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15
Q

Cost

A
  • unit cost
  • reimbursement
  • application cost
  • availability
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16
Q

13 Wound Product Categories

A
  • alginates
  • biological
  • collagens
  • contact layer
  • films
  • foams
  • gauzes
  • hydrocolloids
  • hydrogels
  • silver and cadexomer iodine (antimicrobials)
  • skin cleansers
  • skin sealants/protective barriers
  • wound debridement products
17
Q

Debridement Types

A
  • non-selective (mechanical)
  • selective
  • sharp
18
Q

Non-Selective Debridement

A
  • Mechanical

- whirlpool, wet-to-dry, pulsed lavage, ultrasound mist, scrubbing

19
Q

Selective

A
  • Autolytic
  • Enzymatic
  • BIosurgical
20
Q

Sharp

A
  • scalpel, scissors, forceps
  • conservative: remove dead tissue
  • surgical: into live tissues
21
Q

Autolytic Debriedement

A

-uses own enzymes to break down nonviable tissue

22
Q

Enzymatic Debridement

A

-topical ointments use enzymes to break down non-viable tissue while preserving healthy cells

23
Q

Biosurgical debridement

A

-sterile maggots

24
Q

Physical Agents, Mechanical Modalities and other Adjunctive Interventions

A
  • compression wraps
  • E-stim, US, UV agents
  • negative pressure wound therapy
  • Hydrotherapy
  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
  • offloading devices (orthoses, casts)
25
Q

Order of dressing changes

A

-cleanest to dirtiest

26
Q

Secondary Dressings:

Cylindar

A

-neck, trunk, wrists, lower legs, fingers, toes

27
Q

Secondary Dressings:

Cone

A
  • forearm, legs, thighs, feet

- (Hands combo of cylindar/cone)

28
Q

Secondary Dressings:

Ovoid

A

-head, fingertips/toetips

29
Q

Techniques for Applying Secondary dressings

A
  • circular
  • spiral
  • recurrent
  • figure 8
30
Q

Indications for Ace Wraps

A
  • edema

- varicose veins

31
Q

Edema

A
  • distal to proximal
  • leave toes (ex.) visible to check circulation
  • may leave heal open to wear shoe
32
Q

Varicose Veins

A
  • elevate to drain first
  • equal pressures
  • overlap exactly 1/2 with each turn

Medical Conditions II (34 decks)

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