Pancreatic/Biliary System Flashcards
the pancrease has ___ & ____ function
-exocrine and endocrine
Pancreas Functions
- produce digestive enzymes (exocrine)
- transport digestive enzymes to duodenum
- secrete glucagon & insulin by islet of Langerhans cells
Parts of Pancreas
- head
- body
- tail
Aging & Pancreas
- increased fibrosis
- increased fatty acid deposits
- atrophy
- function unimpaired/no symptoms until 90% damaged
Pancreatic Pathologies
- pancreatitis
- pancreatic cancer
- Diabetes Mellitus
Pancreatitis S/Sx
- severe abdominal pain
- radiate to back
- sudden pain development (gallstone pancreatitis)
- developed over weeks=alcoholic
- steady penetrating pain
- nausea/vomiting–>dry heaves
Pancreatitis:
pain decreases with
- sitting up and leaning forward
- large doses of parenteral narcotics
Pancreatitis:
pain increases with
- coughing
- vigorous movement
- deep breathing
Pancreatitis:
More S/Sx
- sweat
- HR 100-140 bpm
- shallow respiration
- temperature variation
- postural hypotension
- may become semi comatose
- stomach displaced anteriorly (disrupts pancreatic duct–>ascites)
- mild to moderate Mm rigidity in upper abdomen
- bowel sounds hypoactive
Mild to moderate rigidity in upper abdomen from:
-pancreatitis
Pancreatic Cancer Sx
- few symptoms in early stages
- pain in back/stomach (ease after meals)
- weight loss
- bloating stomach
- diarrhea
- nausea
- jaundice
Gallbladder Function
- reservoir for bile
- epels bile in response to food
- bile alkalinizes intestinal contents (emulsifies/absorbs/digests fats)
Cholecystokinin
-hormone released into bloodstream from duodenum and small intestine that signals bile release
Aging & Gallbladder
- releases less bile into intestine
- moderate vigorous physical activity enhances gallbladder function in aging
Biliary Pathologies
- Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
- Gallbladder & biliary neoplasms
Cholelithiasis S/Sx
- (gallstones)
- abdominal pain
- severe pain
- RUQ pain
- R Shoulder pain
- Muscle guarding
- rebound pain
- (+) Murphy’s sign
Treatment of Cholelithiasis
-surgical removal
Gallbladder & Biliary Neoplasms
- RUQ pain radiating to upper back
- S/Sx of cancer
Treatment of gallbladder & biliary neoplasms
- surgical removal
- radiation
-PT: ex’s precautions for chemotherapy
