Immune System Pathology

Question 1

AIDS

Answer 1

• acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

- causes progressive destruction of T cells and changes in B cells

Question 2

AIDS Risk Factors

Answer 2

• high risk behavior

- Men who have sex with men

Question 3

AIDS Transmission

Answer 3

• bodily fluids
• high risk behaviors
• drug injection
• blood/blood products

Question 4

AIDS Related Complex

Answer 4

-spectrum of HIV infection through AIDS diagnosis+

Question 5

AIDS Affects the

Answer 5

-T4 helper T cells (lymphocytes) and destroys/inactivates them

Question 6

CD4 Marker

Answer 6

-receptors for the retrovirus, allowing infection to enter cell

Question 7

AIDS Sx

Answer 7

• vary with stage and age
• slow, rapid or non-progressive
• arthralgia
• myalgia
• night sweats
• GI problems
• oral/genital ulcers

Question 8

3 Stages of AIDS

Answer 8

• Asymptomatic/Latency
• Early Symptomatic
• Advanced Disease/Overt AIDS

Question 9

Asymptomatic Stage or Latency Stage

Answer 9

• CD4 >500 cells/mm^3
• no S/Sx
• healthy and continues to work

Question 10

Early Symptoms Stage

Answer 10

• CD4: 200-500 cells/MM^3
• generalized, non-specific Sx
• immunocompromised
• weight loss
• fatigue
• night sweats
• fevers
• Sx from opportunisit infections

Question 11

Advanced Disease/Overt AIDS Stage

Answer 11

-CD4 Count

Question 12

Acute infection Sx

Answer 12

• fever
• fatigue
• rash
• headache
• lymphadenopathy
• pharyngitis

Question 13

AIDS Diagnosis

Answer 13

-CD4 count

Question 14

Normal CD4 levels

Answer 14

-500-1000 cells/mm^3

Question 15

Common Opportunistic Infections

Answer 15

• pneumocystis carinii
• candida albicans fungus
• cytomegalovirus
• mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex
• mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 16

Cancers/Malignancies of AIDS

Answer 16

• kaposi’s sarcoma
• wasting syndrome
• metabolic disorders (lipodystrophy, mitochondrial disorders)

Question 17

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Answer 17

-purplish grape-like lesions on skin, GI tract and other organs

Question 18

Wasting Syndrome

Answer 18

• weight loss of 10% of body weight
• diarrhea
• chronic weakness
• fever

Question 19

Lipodystrophy

Answer 19

• selective loss of body fat

- people develop insulin resistance, diabetes, high triglyceride level, fatty liver

Question 20

Diagnostic tests for AIDS

Answer 20

• ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

- determine presence of antibodies to HIV in blood or oral fluids

Question 21

AIDS Treatment

Answer 21

-no cure

Question 22

Management of Treatment

Answer 22

• focus on CD4 cell count
• anti-retroviral
• Palliative care

Question 23

AIDS and PT

Answer 23

• infection control

- exercise good for immune system

Question 24

Systemic Exertion Intolerance Types

Answer 24

• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
• Chronie Epstein-Barr Virus
• Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
• Neuromyasthenia

Question 25

Definition of Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease

Answer 25

• new onset of unexplained or chronic fatigue unrelated to sleep, exercise or changes in activity with 4 or more of following:
• -impairment of memory/concntration
• -sore throat
• -tender lymph nodes
• -muscle pain
• -multiple arthralgias w/o swelling
• -headaches
• -unrefreshing sleep
• -post-exertional malaise >24 hours

Question 26

Pathogenesis of Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease

Answer 26

-dysregulation of interaction between the nervous system and the immune system

Question 27

Management of Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease

Answer 27

• treatment of Sx
• avoid irritants & certain foods
• exercise
• graded exercise with cognitive behavioral therapy
• bacteriophages