Immune System Pathology Flashcards
AIDS
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- causes progressive destruction of T cells and changes in B cells
AIDS Risk Factors
- high risk behavior
- Men who have sex with men
AIDS Transmission
- bodily fluids
- high risk behaviors
- drug injection
- blood/blood products
AIDS Related Complex
-spectrum of HIV infection through AIDS diagnosis+
AIDS Affects the
-T4 helper T cells (lymphocytes) and destroys/inactivates them
CD4 Marker
-receptors for the retrovirus, allowing infection to enter cell
AIDS Sx
- vary with stage and age
- slow, rapid or non-progressive
- arthralgia
- myalgia
- night sweats
- GI problems
- oral/genital ulcers
3 Stages of AIDS
- Asymptomatic/Latency
- Early Symptomatic
- Advanced Disease/Overt AIDS
Asymptomatic Stage or Latency Stage
- CD4 >500 cells/mm^3
- no S/Sx
- healthy and continues to work
Early Symptoms Stage
- CD4: 200-500 cells/MM^3
- generalized, non-specific Sx
- immunocompromised
- weight loss
- fatigue
- night sweats
- fevers
- Sx from opportunisit infections
Advanced Disease/Overt AIDS Stage
-CD4 Count
Acute infection Sx
- fever
- fatigue
- rash
- headache
- lymphadenopathy
- pharyngitis
AIDS Diagnosis
-CD4 count
Normal CD4 levels
-500-1000 cells/mm^3
Common Opportunistic Infections
- pneumocystis carinii
- candida albicans fungus
- cytomegalovirus
- mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
Cancers/Malignancies of AIDS
- kaposi’s sarcoma
- wasting syndrome
- metabolic disorders (lipodystrophy, mitochondrial disorders)
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
-purplish grape-like lesions on skin, GI tract and other organs
Wasting Syndrome
- weight loss of 10% of body weight
- diarrhea
- chronic weakness
- fever
Lipodystrophy
- selective loss of body fat
- people develop insulin resistance, diabetes, high triglyceride level, fatty liver
Diagnostic tests for AIDS
- ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- determine presence of antibodies to HIV in blood or oral fluids
AIDS Treatment
-no cure
Management of Treatment
- focus on CD4 cell count
- anti-retroviral
- Palliative care
AIDS and PT
- infection control
- exercise good for immune system
Systemic Exertion Intolerance Types
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
- Chronie Epstein-Barr Virus
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
- Neuromyasthenia
Definition of Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease
- new onset of unexplained or chronic fatigue unrelated to sleep, exercise or changes in activity with 4 or more of following:
- -impairment of memory/concntration
- -sore throat
- -tender lymph nodes
- -muscle pain
- -multiple arthralgias w/o swelling
- -headaches
- -unrefreshing sleep
- -post-exertional malaise >24 hours
Pathogenesis of Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease
-dysregulation of interaction between the nervous system and the immune system
Management of Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease
- treatment of Sx
- avoid irritants & certain foods
- exercise
- graded exercise with cognitive behavioral therapy
- bacteriophages
