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Year 5 😊✌🏼 > Worms > Flashcards

Worms Flashcards

1
Q

Helminths

A

worms

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2
Q

How do worms cause damage?

A

slow: the worm or its eggs attempt to escape

rapid: tissue damage as humans are not the natural host

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3
Q

Types of helminths

A

Cestodes (tape worms)

Trematodes (flukes)

nematodes (round worms)

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4
Q

Cestodes (tape worms)

A

flat and long, segmented

head, neck, segments (oldest segments die and fall off)

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5
Q

Trematodes

A

flat and

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6
Q

Nematodes

A

=round worms

hookworms
ascarids
strongyloides

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7
Q

Pork and Beef tapeworm - hosts

A

definitive host: human

intermediate host: cattle, pigs

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8
Q

Life cycle of pork and beef tapeworm

A
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9
Q

cyctocicosis

A

human develops cysts

by being the accidental intermediate host

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10
Q

cystocircosis

A
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11
Q

hydatid

A

dog tape worm

dogs and foxes are definitive hosts

humans are accidental intermediate hosts

sheep and goats are true intermediate hosts

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12
Q

treatment and prevention - cestodes

A

praziquantel for human tape worms and for dogs

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13
Q

treatment for cysts - cestodes

A

Hydatid: surgery, PAIR, long term albendazole, praziquantel

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14
Q

Treatment of cysticercosis - cestodes

A

albendazole, praziquantel and steroids

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15
Q

prevention of worms - cestodes

A

hygiene
de

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16
Q

Dx of cestodes

A

serology and imaging

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17
Q

Schistosomiasis

A

Helminth disease

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18
Q

How many species of schistosomiasis?

A

4 (africa, SE asia, south/Central America)

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19
Q

Damage by sschistosomiassis

A

XXX

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20
Q

Life cycle of schistosomiasis

A
  1. worms in venus plexuses, produce eggs, eggs migrate through bladder or stool
  2. released into water
  3. in snail
  4. go in through human foot in fresh water
21
Q

Definitive and intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis

A

def: humans

intermediate: snails

22
Q

Diagnosis in Schisto

A

microscopy
- urine: s haematobium
- stool: s mansion, s japonica

serology

biopsy

response to treatment (not in the UK)

23
Q

Treatment of schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel

24
Q

prevention of schisto

A

HARD

kill snails
destroy snail habitat
mass treatment
interrupt transmission (no swimming, no washing etc)

25
Q

where do adult schisto worms live?

A

blood vessels

26
Q

schisto - how is disease caused

A

egg deposition

27
Q

complications of schistosomiasis

A
28
Q

Soil transmitted helminths

A

ascaris lumbricoides
trichuris trichuria
hookworm
strongyloides stercoralis

29
Q

ascaris lumbricoides
trichuris trichuria
hookworm
strongyloides stercoralis

A
30
Q

ascaris lumbricoides
trichuris trichuria
hookworm
strongyloides stercoralis

A
31
Q

hookworm

A
32
Q

strongyloides stercoralis

A
33
Q
A

with ascaris and with hookworm there is a stage where they migrate through the body

34
Q

How do soil transmitted helminths cause disease?

A
35
Q

Life cycle of ascaris

A
  1. eggs swallowed with food
  3. find their way into duodenum and mature to adults
36
Q

strongyloides

A

only helminth capable of auto infection
xxx

37
Q

life cycle of strongyloides

A
38
Q

life cycle of strongyloides

A
39
Q
A

they can mature into larvae before leaving the rectum ?

40
Q

Filariasis

A

variety of nematode infections spread by black flies and mosquitoes

41
Q

types of filariasis

A

lymphatic (Wucherer, Brugia)
subcutaneous (Onchocerciasis, Mansonella, Loa loa)
serous cavity (Mansonella, dirofilaria, don’t really cause many medical problems)

42
Q

River blindess - pathogen

A
43
Q

diagnosis of filariasis

A
  • find microfilariae (blood film, skin snips)
  • antibodies (ELISA, IFAT)
  • XXX
44
Q

life cycle of filariasis

A
  1. larvae enter skin via mosquito
    2.
45
Q

Myiasis

A

parasitisation of human flesh by fly larvae

motile maggots under skin

46
Q

main flies in myaisis

A

Bot (S. America) - sometimes need surgery

Tumbu (Africa)

47
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

atopy
drug allergies ]makignancy (Hodgkins lymphoma, `NHL)
SLE and other systemic AID
some forms of vasculiti s
cholesterol embolisms

DON’T FORGET PARASITES
soil-transmitted helminths (strongylyloides)
schistosomiasis
filaria
leaking hydatid cysts

48
Q

Does ascaris have a skin stage?

A

no

Year 5 😊✌🏼 (53 decks)

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