Vaccines

Question 1

R0

Answer 1

basic reproduction rate

the number of poeple that one sick person will infect on average.

Question 2

R0 of measles

Answer 2

18

Question 3

when is transmutation of a disease halted (r0)

Answer 3

R0 <1

Question 4

HIT

Answer 4

herd immunity threshold

percentage of fully immune people required to stop the spread to the disease

1-1/R0

Question 5

How can antibodies work?

Answer 5

neutralisation (pathogen no longer harmful)

antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (pathogen will be engulfed by phagocyte)

Question 6

Monovalent vs multivalent

Answer 6

one strain vs multiple strains

Question 7

Common components of vaccines

Answer 7

active component
formaldehyde (trace components, very small amount)
adjuvants (e.g. aluminium salt)
stabilisers
preservatives

Question 8

Factors to pick a time when to give vaccines to children

Answer 8

immune system mature enough for response
coming off of passive immunity from parents
before Aage related peak of incident e

Question 9

Which disease was eradicated with vaccines?

Answer 9

smallpox

Question 10

prerequisites for successful disease eradication with vaccianation?

Answer 10

no animal reservoir
antigenic ally stable pathogen with only one or a small number of strains
no latent reservoirs
vaccine must induce a lasting and effusive immune response
high coverage required for aa very contagious pathogens

Question 11

Side effects of vaccines

Answer 11

Capillary leak syndrome (adenoviral vectored vaccines)

Myocarditis (Pfizer)