Mock Exam Flashcards
What to measure in Pagetβs disease of bone?
alkaline phosphatase
plain x-ray
?? bsiphosphonate san
what kind of deafness does Pagets disease of bone cause?
conduction (pagetβs disease of the osscicles) and nerve deafness (compression of 8th nerve)
test with tuning fork
what kind of clinical test should you perform in patients with pagets disease in finals?
Weber and Rinne
What blood marker is increased in osteomalacia?
alkaline phostphatase
What is osteomalacia
lack of vitamin D -> secondary hyperparathyroidism?
what is increased after myocardial infarction?
Troponins
CK (MB)
AST
LDH
they will have a low potassium at presentation because the adrenaline causes it to drop
What is raised in a patient with Addisons disease?
potassium
What is raised in a patient with jaundice due to gall stone?
alkaline phosphatatse
why are the patterns
different enzymes in different zones of the portal triad
different released in the different types of damage
liver on histology
hexagon
portal vein
portal triad
duct with duct cells
Which LFT is mainly raised in viral hepatitis?
alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
which LFT is most increased in a patient with chronic alcoholic cirrhosis?
AST =
lots of cells die, nodules, wonβt have the nice anatomy
which marker is increased in prostate cancer?
acid phosphatase = prostate specific antigen
what is acid phosphatase?
prostate specific antigen
what is another name for PSA?
acid phosphatase
What is low in primary hyperparathyroidism?
vitamin D
because it is consumed, PTH activates vitamin D
alk phos goes up
What is measured when vitamin D levels are measured?
xx
What rises most accurately in acute renal failure where the cause is dehydration?
Urea
(goes up very quickly in a dehydrated patient)
what rises most in chronic renal failure caused by a fall in GFR?
creatinine
What is a good marker of glucose control over the last 3 w?
fructosamine
=> useful in patients with a rapidly changing glucose.
HbA1c would be over the last 3 months