world history test Flashcards
Population boom: 1000-1250: Growth of towns and cities. causes?
Iron plough Three field system. Clearing forests and shrubs, less war, trade.
Commercial Revolution:
Growth of the middle class, guilds, and first banking houses, currency remerges.
what are some things that happpened in the high and late middle ages
Monarchies become more powerful and centralized.
English legal and constitutional practices evolve.
THe crusades are launched.
The catholic church gains more political and economic power.
Church reformers such as john wycliffe and jan hus try to reform the catholic church.
Black death(1346-1353)
who was the first king of unified england
Athelstan
domesday book
A comprehensive survey of the lands, resources, and tax obligation in england.
Feudal system
William implemented the feudal system in England redistributing land to his loyal Norman nobility in exchange for military service.
Instituted a more centralized government.
Common law:
The decisions of the royal courts became the basis of common law, or a legal system based on custom and court rulings. Unlike local feudal laws, common law was the same for all people
Early Jury system:
When traveling justices visited an area, local officials collected a jury or group of men sworn to speak the truth.
Parliament:
England’s legislature that evolved from the Great council.
great council
Parliament
Magna carta:
King John, son of Henry 2 angered his nobles with oppressive taxes and abuses of taxes.
In 1215 a group of rebellious barons cornered John and forced
him to sign the Magna Carta, or “GREAT CHARTER”.
what were the two laws the magna carta had
The Magna Carta contained two very important ideas: Nobles had certain rights, kings had to listen to the law.
what did king henry the second try to do to clergys
Tries to try Clergys in the royal court.
Capital:
Money for investment
Partnership:
An agreement between merchants to pool their funds together to finance large-scale ventures.
Bills of exchange:
Written notes that merchants could exchange for money- an early form of checks.
Middle class:
Merchants, traedrs, and artisans that emerged in the new towns.
Guild
An association of craftsmen or merchants. People who had similar skills.
How to become a guild member: Stages
Responsibilities
Master
(Age 25+)
Owned their own shop, trained
apprentices, and ran the guild.
Journeyman
(Age 16-21)
Most were salaried workers who
could become Masters by
producing a “Masterpiece.”
Apprentice
(Age 7-8)
They worked for the guild master
for free but got free food and
housing.
Hanseatic league:
As trade fairs declined an association of towns and merchant guilds emerges in Northerns Germany called the Hanseatic league.
Mostly covers northern europe.
Crusades:
Pope urban 2 called for the first crusade.
The first crusade resulted in the conquering of Jerusalem and much of the Holy Land. It was the only Successful Crusade.
Many military orders sprang up during the crusades such as the Knights templar and teutonic order.
The crusades affect europe by connecting it more with the east and increasing demands for good from the East such as spice,cotton, and silk.
Church law and authority:
Canon law is a body of laws that governed te catholic church and its courts
Excommunication:
People who disobeyed church law could be cut off from the church and its sacraments.
Interdict:
An order that excludes an entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving sacraments.
Sacraments
Baptism, confirmation, Eucharist(communion).
how long was the commercial q2w\revolution (years)
1000-1750
what are the three things needed to start a buisness
consumer capital cheap labor
who was john wycliffe
He translated the bible to english .Also called the mornig star, He was english and he criticize the church.
what were wycliffes three main beliefs.
- The Church should not have political power.
- The clergy should take vows of poverty
- The Bible–not the Church–was the source of authority for how to live a Christian life
what were jan hus followers called
Hussites.
who was jan hus
a Czech reformer that tried to go to the council to explain his veiws but was arested and burned on a stake.
when did anglo saxon rule end
when wiliam the conqueror defeated them at the battle of hastings
what caused major antisemetism
St. John , who repeatedly used the phrase ‘the Jews’ when describing Christian events, although this was not specifically in reference to the crucifixion of Jesus. and Origen writing in the fourth century ‘the Jews…nailed Christ to the cross’. the words were taken literally.
what was wycliffe called at oxford because of his preachings
the gospel doctor
church political power grows
The church gained wealth and even ahd its own army
what is simony
simony invlolved the selling of church land spiritual offices holy relics or sacred property.The practice gave spiritual authority to people interested in monetory or spiritual gain.
what is selling of indulgences
pay money to have some of your sins pardoned or reduce your time in purgatory.
growth of church wealth
everyone was required to pay tithe; peasants gave food goods livestock or on work on church land without pay.
