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Earth Science > earth science test chapter 4 > Flashcards

earth science test chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a renewable and nonrenewable source

A

renewable can be produced in a lifetime but a nonrenewable resource takes a really long time. longer than a lifetime.

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2
Q

what are in fossil fuels

A

coal,oil, and natural gases

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3
Q

hwhat can be good substitues for declining petro supplies.

A

tar sands and oil shales fuel.

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4
Q

what do some of the most important mineral deposits form through

A

igneous proccess and they form hydrothermal solutions.

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5
Q

why are nonmetallic mineral resources extracted and processed

A

for their nonmetallic elements or their physical and chemical properties

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6
Q

what is hot water and steam used for

A

heat is used for heating stuff and steam is used to turn turbines to make electricity

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7
Q

explain how tidal power is harnessed to use turbines and electric generators

A

people build a dam across the bay or tidal river, in coastal areas with a large difference in high and low tides the strong in and out flow that results drives turbines and electric generators.

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8
Q

what are the two advantages of solar energy

A

the fuel is free and it is nonpolluting.

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9
Q

explain nuclear fission

A

the nuclie of heavy atoms are bombarded with neutrons then the nuclei gets split into smaller piecs and emits neutrons and heat energy.

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10
Q

in the next 50-60 years what type of power can sustain 5-10% of electricity.

A

wind power

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11
Q

what is a reservoir. what type of energy it got

A

a large lake behind a dam. it has potential energy to make electricity.

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12
Q

why is the chemicap compostion of the atmosphere important

A

what is one of the things that helps maintain life on earth

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13
Q

what does earths soil and forests provide for humans

A

mineral and energy resources

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14
Q

what is americas most important air pollution law

A

the clean air act

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15
Q

what does protecting land resources involve

A

preventing pollution and using the resources of the land wisely

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16
Q

what year did the gov pass several laws to protect pollution and protect resourcesd

A

1970, becuase of major pollution incidents

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17
Q

what is a collector

A

a black glass covered box on a roof that abosrbs the rays sunshine and heats up the inside of it. The heat warms or water in pipes that pass through

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18
Q

what is a mineral resource

A

a deposit of useful minerals that can be extracted. an ore is a mineral that can be mined for profit

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19
Q

what are 3 major fossil fuels

A

petroleum,natural gas, and coal

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20
Q

what is a major source of pollution

A

burning fossil fuels

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21
Q

what do petroleum and natural gas form from

A

the remains of dead organisms, like algae, plants

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22
Q

hydroelectric power produces energy using…

A

flowing water

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23
Q

what mineral is most used in power plants

A

uranium

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24
Q

what is point source pollution

A

the pollution is directly identifiable

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25
Q

what is the unnatural warming of the atmosphere near eaths surface called

A

greenhouse effect

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26
Q

what is the careful use of resources called

A

conservation

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27
Q

what was the clean air act

A

it limited certain pollutants in the air

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28
Q

what type of pollution did the clean water act get rid off

A

sewage

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29
Q

what is a major negative impact of the use of fossil fuels

A

global warming

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30
Q

what is the difference between a mineral resource and a ore

A

a mineral resource is a deposit of useful minerals, while an ore is just for profit

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31
Q

how do solar collectors work

A

the sun shines on them and they store that sunlight and pass it on to recievers where it is turned into heat and used to generate electricity

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32
Q

why do hydroelectric dams have a limited lifetime

A

because other natural erosion forces slowly weaken the dam structure, and sediments build up behind dams

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33
Q

why is freshwater a vital source

A

everyone needs water to survive

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34
Q

what are some ways farmers protect land resources

A

by not doing tilling, planting cover crops, and doing crop rotations

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35
Q

why is an anticline a good place to search for petro, gas

A

because oil is ligheter than water is would go to a higher spot underground, so its easier to get .

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36
Q

what are three things you can do to prevent water pollution

A

don’t litter, wash your car where the water cna go on grass not the street, put fertalizers back on grass if they get to paved areas

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37
Q

what are three things you can do to save energy

A

turn of your lights is you don’t need them on, dont plug something in for too long and let it stay their, walk instead of drive,

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38
Q

what does ozone do for us

A

protects us from the suns UV rays

39
Q

how is energy produced in a nuclear energy generator

A

use heat produced during atomic fission to boil water and produce pressurized steam. The steam is routed through the reactor steam system to spin large turbines blades that drive magnetic generators to produce electricity.

39
Q

what happens if ozon starts fading away

A

people would start to get skin cancer and develop other health issues

40
Q

what is greenhouse gas

A

gas that traps heat

41
Q

what is a rock made of

A

mixtures of minerals

42
Q

how does igneous rock from

A

A
magma cooling

43
Q

what is marbles parent

A

limestone

44
Q

what is a metamorphoic rock

A

when sedimentary rock compact together/heat and pressure

44
Q

waht are sedimentary rocks

A

sediments that are pushed together

45
Q

can igneous rock form above the surface

A

yes

46
Q

how do igneous rocks turn into sedimentary

A

erosion and depostion

46
Q

how are fine and course grained textures formed

A

forms from magma or lava cooling quickly/ course is from it cooling slowly

47
Q

what are the three compositons of igneous rocks

A

granitic,basaltic,andesitic

48
Q

what is deposition

A

depostion is the settling of sediments in layers after it was moved during erosion

49
Q

what is erosion

A

rocks broken down by wind or water and carried somewhere

49
Q

what is cementation

A

when water soaks through soil or rock

49
Q

what is wheatering

A

the process of rocks when they break into smaller pievces

50
Q

what is a clastic sedimentary rock

A

made from broken pieces of other rocks and it compacted and cemented together

51
Q

what are chemichal rocks/how they form

A

chemical rocks form from water precipitation or evaporation

52
Q

what are biochemical sedimentary rocks

A

they form from the body of onnce living things

53
Q

how do coral reefs form

A

from little dead animals

54
Q

what is the difference between contact and regional metamorphism

A

contact metamorphism is when magma forces its way into the rock. regional metamorphism is when tectonic plates collide and form mountains. covers a wide area

55
Q

what are the three agents of metamorphism

A

heat fluid pressure

56
Q

what are foliated rocks

A

when they are flattened and line up on parallel bands

57
Q

what are nonfoliated rocks

A

rocks with no bands

58
Q

slate parent

A

shale

59
Q

gneiss parent

A

granite

60
Q

quartize parent

A

sandstone

61
Q

what is the rock cycle order

A

cooling and crystallization from magma=igneous rock erosion and deposition=sediment cementation and compaction=sedimentary rock heat and pressure=metamorphic rock melting to magma

61
Q

what are the two types of pressure, where are they directed at

A

confinning and directed. confining pressure points equally in all directions, directed is toward one spot

62
Q

where do sea anemones live

A

in the holes of coral

63
Q

what minerals make rocks green

A

hornblend,serpentine

64
Q

what does metamorphic mean

A

meta=form mophic=change

65
Q

what are intrusive rocks

A

cool slowly underground with big crystals

66
Q

what are extrusive rocks

A

when lava cools on earths surface. cools quickly which causes no or not very many minerals.

67
Q

what are the three main components of texture

A

coarse grained, glassy texture, and porphyrite texture

68
Q

what science study atmosphere

A

meteorology

69
Q

what drives the process of plate tectonics the currently accepted explanation for the movement of continents

A

unequal heat distribution in the earth

69
Q

what caused earth to develop layers as it cooled

A

the differences in density of elements

70
Q

what position do lines of latitude describe

A

north or south of the equator

71
Q

why is the robinson map projection considered very useful

A

most distances sizes and shapes are accurate

72
Q

which map would show the best 3d of earths surface

A

topographic maps

73
Q

which of the spheres is the most out

A

the atmosphere

74
Q

what are the four major spheres

A

atmosohere, biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere

75
Q

the theory that earths lithosphere is broken into large sections that move is called

A

plate tectonics

75
Q

what makes a hypothesis scientifically useful

A

it can be tested

76
Q

on a topographic map countour lines that come closer indicate what

A

the slope is steeper

77
Q

what is the solar nebula theory

A

this states that the solar system developed out of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas, called a nebula .

78
Q

why are contour lines important in topographic maps

A

It indicates how steep or flat the terrain is, and how much elevation change occurs over a given horizontal distance.

79
Q

what is closed and open system

A

There are two types of systems: open and closed. An open system is one in which energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings. The stovetop system is open because heat can be lost into the air. A closed system is one that cannot transfer energy to its surroundings.

80
Q

what is an element

A

a subtance that can’t be broken down by chemical or physical means

81
Q

what are isotopes

A

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

82
Q

what are ionic, covalent,metallic bonds

A

Ionic bonds form between positive and negative ions, covalent forms when atoms share electrons, metallic form when electrons are shared by metal ions

83
Q

what are the ways to identify minerals

A

color,luster,crystal form, hardness,cleavage/fracture,maybe density.

84
Q

what is a scientific theory

A

it unifies a broad range of observations/hypothesis and enables scientist to make accurate predictions about new situations

85
Q

what is precipitation

A

Precipitation occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Earth Science (38 decks)

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