earth science test 10

Question 1

What is the largest volcano in europe

Answer 1

Mount etna in sicily

Question 2

what is a volcano? lava?

Answer 2

volcano is a weak spot in the crust where magma from mantle rises to the surface then called lave .

Question 3

what is magma adn where is forms

Answer 3

magma is a mixture of partially melted mineral crystals dissolved gases and water. It forms in the crust and upper mantle when solid rock partially melts.

Question 4

what are the factors magma depends on to form

Answer 4

Heat,Pressure, and water content

Question 5

Heat

Answer 5

Deep down rock is near its melting point becuase its really hot. But other things like friction of huge slabs of lithosphere sliding past each other in subduction zone. mantles heat and hot mantle rock can rise and intrude into cooler lithosphere heating it.

Question 6

Pressure

Answer 6

as you go deeper pressure gets more pressurized. decompression melting occurs when rock rises and melts due to reduced pressure. hot mantle rock can rise and intrude into cooler lithosphere heating it. as pressure decreases and rock melting point decreases.

Question 7

Water content

Answer 7

increasing water content of rock also lower rock melting point.

Question 8

volcano plate boundarie

Answer 8

volcano is an opening in earths surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava and volcanic ash erupt.

Question 9

what is the most active volcano

Answer 9

kilaeua in hawaii.

Question 10

what is the land of fire and ice

Answer 10

the island of iceland in the north atlantic ocean near the arctic circle has some glciers and volcanoes know as that.

Question 11

how was iceland formed

Answer 11

sometimes volcanoes and rift eruption rise above sea level forming islands such as iceland.

Question 11

what is convergent boundary volcanism

Answer 11

when an plates collide one goes down. water from the oceanic lithosphere lowers melting point melting begins. magma migrates upward forming volcanoes.

Question 12

convergent volcanism pt 2

Answer 12

oceanic plates slide under continental platesas one plate slides under the other the rock gets deep enough that it is hot enough to cause partial meltling. the magna is less dense and foces its way up cracks forming volcanoes. these volcanoes are the more violent type

Question 13

what is the ring of fire.

Answer 13

a belt of volcanoes that circles the Pacific Ocean

Question 14

intraplate volcanism

Answer 14

occures within a plate. mantle plumes are areas wheere he mantle is unusually hot as a rsult hor rock is forced upward toward the curst decompression meltin goforms magma. the magma that reaches the surface forms volcanoes. volcanoes may rise above sea level and form islands

Question 15

what are hot spots

Answer 15

a volcanic region that results from magma plumes.

Question 16

why are some volcanoes crazy explosive and some are not

Answer 16

becuase of characteristics of magma and the amount of dissolved gases in the magma.

Question 16

what is viscosity

Answer 16

the substances resistance to flow.

Question 17

what does viscosity tell you about an eruption

Answer 17

more viscous the magma more violent the eruption but the less viscous the less violent the eruptions.

Question 18

what makes viscosity

Answer 18

the more silica the more viscosity there is

Question 19

dissolved gases

Answer 19

the gases trapped in the magma provide the force to propel lava out the vent the volcanoes opening at the surface.

Question 20

explain a volcanic eruption

Answer 20

under the surface the dissolved gas in the magma are under a lot of pressure as magma approaches the surface the pressure is greatly reduced the dissolved gases expand forming large bubbles exert an enormous force when a volcano erupts the force of expanding gases pushed magma up which become lava the remaining gases bubble put.

Question 21

what are the three different types of plutons

Answer 21

batholiths stocks sills lacoliths dikes.

Question 21

what is decompression melting

Answer 21

when rock rises and melts due to reduced pressure

Question 22

what is a vent

Answer 22

the volcanoes opening at the surface

Question 23

what rock type goes with what.

Answer 23

basaltic:sheild volcanoes, basalt plateaues, and cinder cones.
andesetic:composite cones
Granitic: Pyroclastic flows, volcanic domes

Question 24

volcanic material

Answer 24

depending on the tyope of eruption volcanoes may produce lava flows or eject pyroclastic material or both. and lots of gas.

Question 25

what are the two types of lava characteristics

Answer 25

Pahoehoe and aa. Pahoehoe is hotter and fast moving basaltic lava relatively smooth blue c=black skin. AA is coller slower moving basaltic lava which forms jagged rough blocks with sharp projections.

Question 26

gas sampls got during a hawai volcanoe was

Answer 26

70 water 15 carbon dioxide 5 nitrogen 5 sulfur

Question 27

what are pyroclstic materials

Answer 27

particls produced in volcanic eruptions

Question 28

what are lapilli

Answer 28

particles that range in size from small beads to walnuts 3-64mm in diameter

Question 29

what are blocks and bombs

Answer 29

particles larger than 64mm in diameterare called blocks when they are made of hardened lava and bobmbs when they are ejected as glowing lava.

Question 30

what are the three main types of volcano

Answer 30

shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite cones.

Question 31

waht builds volcanoes

Answer 31

repeaeted eruptiond of lava or p yroclasyic material eventually build it

Question 32

shield volcanoes

Answer 32

are produce by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas,resemble warrior shields and grow from bottom of ocean.

Question 33

cinder cones

Answer 33

ejected lava fragments that harden in the air and fall around a vent can builda cinder cone. once erupted for about a few weeks will never erupt again

Question 34

composite cones

Answer 34

these one are the most dangerous volcanoes. its a large nearly symmetrical volcanic mountain composed of layer of both lava and pyroclastic deposits. most of these are in the ring of fire.

Question 35

what is it called when magma forces its way through cracks but fails to reach the surface

Answer 35

intrusive feaetures

Question 36

what are plutons and classificiaitons

Answer 36

plutons are the structures the underground magma forms when it cools. size shape and relationship to surrounding rock

Question 37

sills and lacoliths

Answer 37

are plutons that form when magma intrudes between rock layers close to the surface then hardens.

Question 38

what are dikes

Answer 38

dikes are plutons that forms when magma from magma chamber moves into fractures that cut upward throught the rock layers

Question 39

what are batholiths

Answer 39

a large mass of igneous rock that cooled and hardened below the surface, then was uplifted and exposed at the surface by erosion.

Question 40

what is a caldera

Answer 40

a huge hole left by the collapsed of a volcanic mountain. it occurs after an enourmous eruption that empties the vent and magma chamber

Question 41

what are volcanic necks

Answer 41

they form when magma hardens in a volcanoes pipe. the softer rock of tephera of a cincer cone around the pipe wears away.

Question 42

what is a lava plateaued

Answer 42

instead of forming mountians some eruptions from lava plateueas. platuaes are high and level platforms.