WOLRD HISTORY FINAL Flashcards
What is absolutism
a political system in which one ruler or leader has complete power and authority over a country and people.
what is nationalism and nation states
The old feudal times gave way and strong independant nation states with centralized government started.
what is divine right
The concept that their authority to rule came directly from God.
what was the ageof enlightenment
An age where peope develped new ideas about government and basic human rights. While scientists and mathematicians developed laws about natural phenomena like the law of gravity. People use human reasoning tp find out stuff.
what is secularism
he principle of separation of the state from religious institutions.
what is globalization
he process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
what is mercantilism
based on the idea that a nation’s wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and limiting imports.
what was the scientific revolutoion
The scientific revolution, which emphasized systematic experimentation as the most valid research method, resulted in developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry. These developments transformed the views of society about nature.
hapsburg empire short history
IT was ruled by charles the first who later changed to charles the fifth. The hapsburg empire included german stated of the holy roman epmire and the dutch netherlands. But the hapsburg empire was too scattered for him to rule so he divided it. Leaving hapsburg in central europe to his bro ferdianad.
Philip the 2 and spanish armada
Phillip the second was the king of spain. His biggest opp was queen elizabeth the first. She encouraged english captians known as sea dogs to raid spanish ships. PHillip got mad and made a armade which is a spanish fleet and they spun the block on the opps but got destroyed.
louis the 14 centralizes power.
HE spent many hours attending to gov affairs. He followed Richelieu. He expanded bureaucracy and appointed intendants, royal officials who collected taxes recruited soldiers and carried out his policies in the provinces. UNder him the french army became the strongest in europe. They had 300,000 soldiers he used them to enforce policies at home and abroad.
legacy of louis the 14
He ruled france for 72 years far longer than any other monarch. During that time france set the stanard for manners and customs in europe. HE made france the strongest state in europe in foreign and domestic affairs.
medieval thought vs the enlightenment thoguht 1
authroity of church and traditions. Secularism and realism.
medievel vs enlightenment 2
feudalism, and individual rights
medieval vs enlightment 3
superstition vs science
medieval enlightenment 4
divine right and liberalism and republicanism
medeiaval vs enlightenment 5
focus on the afterlife vs focus on earthly happiness
what are natural laws
we can use reason to understand the world
what were salons
place to spread and talk about enlightenment ideas
who were some enlightenment thinkers
john locke, montesquie, voltair, rosseu,wallstonecraft
what did john lock believe in
your natural rights-rights that are God-given and can never be taken or even given away. Among these fundamental natural rights, Locke said, are “life, liberty, and property.
what did montesquie believe in
the separation of power- Judicial, legislative, and executive branches
what did roussea believe in
republicanism and the general will of people. The need of the community should be over your own individual interest basically
what did wollstonecraft believe in
social and educational equality for women
what were the estates general
the clergy, nobility and the middle class to peasentry.
what were some widespread discontent in the french revolution
famine, poverty, and crumbling economy
King louis the 16
he was a good king but weak and indecisive. Jacques necker a financial expert was his advisor but when he said too tax the first and sedcond houses they nobles and clergy wanted him out. after france was about to go bankrupt king called the estates general for a meeting at versallies.
what was the tennis court of oath
While King Louis, not amused, locked them out of their meeting hall, they gathered on a tennis court meant for use by the Versailles Palace and took the aptly named Tennis Court Oath: that they would not stop meeting until France had a constitution.
what was the estates general meeting
The Estates-General of 1789 was a meeting of the three estates of pre-revolutionary France: clergy, nobility, and commons. Summoned by King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) to deal with financial and societal crises, it ended with the Third Estate breaking from royal authority and forming a National Assembly
what was the national assembly
a revolutionary assembly of the Kingdom of France formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (commoners) of the Estates-General and eventually joined by some members of the …
what was the storming of bastille
fears that King Louis XVI was about to arrest France’s newly constituted National Assembly led a crowd of Parisians to successfully besiege the Bastille, an old fortress that had been used since 1659 as a state prison. if also marked the beginning of the french revolution.
what was the declaration of rights of man?
A declaration that said “all men were born and remain free and euqal in rights. They enjoyed natural right to liberty proberty security and resistance to oppression. It said like lockes writings the gov existed to preotect the natural rights of the citizens.
what was the womens march on versallies
six thousand women marched 13 miles to versallies because queen marie antoinnete being luxourius. THey wanted the king to return to paris, which he did.
what were some things that happened in the french revolution
abolished monarchy, curtailed the power of the french roman catholic church, abolished the feudal system, created equality before the law, gave talented people more acess to jobs, created a sense of national pride, and last created popular soverighnty.
FEAR OF THE FENCH PLAGUE WAHT WAS IT
European rulers were horrified of the French revolution. They even increased border patrol to keep it from spreading. And stories about it from emigres didn’t help either. Catherine the greatof Russia burned voltaires letters and locked up critics while edmund burke a sritish statesman comdemced the revolutionaires in paris.
National convention and abosishion of mionarchy
he National Convention was elected to provide a new constitution for the country after the overthrow of the monarchy (August 10, 1792). The Convention numbered 749 deputies, including businessmen, tradesmen, and many professional men. eveyone was called citizens. THey seized nobles lands and abolished titles of nobility
what was the committe of public safety
to deal with the threats to france the convection created the committe of public safety. 12 seats had almost absolute power. Prepared france for all out war they encourged people to fight. Even tho ill trained they were patriotic.
who was robspierre
At home the gov battled counterrevolutianareis under the hand of maxamilien robespierre. HE was a shrew lawyer and polotician who rose to leadership of the public safety committe. His nickname was “the incorruptable”
what was the directory
he Directory, a five-member committee that governed France from November 1795 to November 1799, failed to reform the disastrous economy, relied heavily on army and violence, and represented another turn towards dictatorship during the French Revolution.
what was French nationalism?
nationalism is when you have a strong feeling of proud and devotion to your country. The revolution and war gave people a sense of strong national identity.
describe the age of napoleon.
he had great military success. He declared himslef emperor of france. He made a lof of reforms to like: Public schools literacy, police state, absolutism, religious tolerance, equality before the law, and end of serfdom.
Describe napoleons code
iT WAs a set of laws that napolean made. It followed stuff like end of feudalism, equality to all citizens before the law, and religous tolerane. But women lost most of their rights. It was a mans world again, men gained complete authority.
what was the continental system
It was a system napolean used to go to economic war with great britain. But it failed because of britians navy. They close ports to goods from each other.
legacy of napolean
Napolean died in 1821.BUt he had a lasting imipact. Was he the “revollution on horseback” as he claimed? The napoleanic code changed many things and also he sold Louisiana territory to America. He failed to make a french empire and instead sparked nationalist feelings ACROSS europe.
what was the congress of vienna
The Congress had four major objectives: to establish a balance of power, to encourage conservative regimes, to contain France, and to learn to work together for peace. The major players - Russia, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and France - also had their own agendas. after the napoleonic wars.
What was the concert of eruope
The Concert of Europe. From 1815 to 1914, the Concert of Europe established a set of principles, rules and practices that helped to maintain balance between the major powers after the Napoleonic Wars, and to spare Europe from another broad conflict.
who were the liberals what is liberalism.
mostly middle class of educated busuiness people and proffesionals. People who were open minded to change
who were the conservatives what is conservatism.
royalty nobility church leaders and uneducated peasants. People who like the traditional valiues and dont want to change.
what were the goals of liberalism
Gov based on writtten constuittion
Separation of powers
natural rights
republican form of gov
laisszefure economics
revolution if necessary to achieve goals
what were conservative goals
royal familis on throne
traditional social hierchy
authority of established churches
respect and obediense to authority
stability and order
suppression of revolutions
what was the italy german rebelion
Revolutions of 1848, series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals.
france 1848 rebellion
The Revolution of 1848, or February Revolution, ended the Orléanist rule and brought in the period of the Second Republic. During this time, many countries in Europe were undergoing revolutions that sought to topple conservative monarchies with liberal democracies.
