Earth science 6 study notes

Question 1

what is an artesian well?

Answer 1

A well that doesn’t require a pump to bring water to the surface.

Question 2

what is an aquifer

Answer 2

a layer of rock and sediments that holds water.

Question 3

what is another term for water table and what is it?

Answer 3

Zone of saturation. It is an underground area where the earths surface is saturated with water.

Question 4

What is needed for an artesian well?

Question 5

what are hot springs

Answer 5

water that is heated by heat from the earths interior like magama.

Question 6

what is a downdrain in a well

Question 7

what is ogallala aquifer

Answer 7

The biggest aquifer in America.

Question 8

what is the water cycle

Answer 8

the term given to the repeating pattern of the water moving between the atmosphere and the earth..

Question 9

describe the three phases of water cycle.

Answer 9

Evaporation: when liquid goes back up as gas because of the sun
Condensation: Forms clouds as the water goes up and cools then when it gets too heavy if falls.
Precipitation: When the clouds can no longer hold the water and lets it drop (rain, snow,)

Question 10

The ability of a stream to erode and transport materials depends largely on what?

Answer 10

Its velocity.

Question 11

what is dicharge

Answer 11

the volume of water flowing through a river channel.

Question 12

what is the base level

Answer 12

the lowest point to which a stream can erode its channel

Question 13

what is abrasion?

Answer 13

the process of scraping or wearing something away.

Question 14

what are the three ways streams transport their sediment load.

Answer 14

Solution (dissolved load) In suspension (suspended load) Bouncing or rolling along the bottom (bed load)

Question 15

when does deposition occur in streams

Answer 15

when the streamflow drops below the critical setting velocity of a certain particle size.

Question 16

What does a narrow V shaped valley tell you about a stream.

Answer 16

the streams primary work has been downcutting toward base level.

Question 17

what causes most floods

Answer 17

rapid spring snow melt or storms that bring heavy rain over a large region.

Question 18

what are some things you do to control flooding

Answer 18

levees, flood control dams, and placing limits on floodplain developments.

Question 19

how does groundwater move how does size determine speed

Answer 19

by twisting and turning through interconnecting small openings

Question 20

what is the zone of saturation

Answer 20

where water fills all the pore spaces in sediments and rock

Question 21

when does a spring form

Answer 21

whenever the water table intersects the ground surface

Question 22

what are some things that threaten grounwater supplies in some areas

Answer 22

contamination and overuse

Question 23

where does erosian form most caverns

Answer 23

at or below the water table at the zone of saturation

Question 24

what do karst areas normally have

Answer 24

irregular terrain with many depressions called sinkholes

Question 25

when gradient increases…

Answer 25

velocity increases

Question 26

what is a streams drainage basin or watershed

Answer 26

thewater that flows into it

Question 27

when do streams and rivers deposit sediments?

Answer 27

when their velocity decreases.

Question 28

where is a rivers discharge generally the greatest

Answer 28

at the mouth of it

Question 29

what makes streams flow from mountains to sea level?

Answer 29

gravity

Question 30

what is gradient/stream channel?

Answer 30

the slope/steepness of a stream: stream channel is the course the water in the stream follows

Question 31

when does a runoff occur??

Answer 31

when their is more water than land

Question 32

what is sheet erosion

Answer 32

runoff flowing in a thin layer over flat land carries sediments to lower elevations and then drops it

Question 33

what is gully erosian

Answer 33

occurs is a number of riller merge and water freuquently flows

Question 34

what is rill erosion

Answer 34

begins during a heavy rain washing away plants and soil leaving a scar.

Question 35

how do streams form

Answer 35

when gullies join rogether

Question 36

what are tributaries

Answer 36

streams of rivers that flow into a larger river.

Question 37

what are the two types of base levels

Answer 37

ultimate base which is sea level: and temporary which is base level for a stream’s multiple tributaries.

Question 38

what are deltas

Answer 38

wetlands that form as rivers empty their water and sediment into another body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.

Question 39

what is aluvium

Answer 39

the sorted material deposited by a stream

Question 40

what are narrow valleys

Answer 40

V-shaped like the yellowston river.

Question 41

what are wide valleys

Answer 41

lowerdown on its course a river usually flows over more gently soping land

Question 42

what are pores

Answer 42

the spaces between the pieces of weatherd rock

Question 43

what is distribution

Answer 43

water will keep going down until it reaches a layer of impermiable rock called a aquatard

Question 44

what is dripstone features

Answer 44

water containing calcite builds into a hollow tube called soda straw then slowly forms a stalactite

Question 45

what is karst topogrophy

Answer 45

an area that has a number of sinkholes and caves because their areas are underlain by limestone..