earth science test chapter 5 (nooooo) :(

Question 1

what is mechanical weathering occur

Answer 1

when physical forces break into smaller pieces without changing the rocks mineral compostion

Question 2

what are the three main causes of mechanical weathering

Answer 2

frost wedging, unloading, and biological activity

Question 3

what is chemical weathering

Answer 3

the transformation of rock into one or more new compounds

Question 4

what are two factors that affect the rate of weathering

Answer 4

the climate and rock characteristics

Question 5

what are the three common types of soils

Answer 5

pedalfer pedocal laterite

Question 6

what is the best type of soil to grow plants in

Answer 6

loam/topsoil

Question 7

what is regolith

Answer 7

A layer of rock and mineral fragments that covers almost al the earth surface cuased by weathering.

Question 8

What are the four major components of soil(what is humus)

Answer 8

mineral matter/broken down rocks, organic matter/humus(the decayed remains of organisms, water and air.

Question 9

what are the most important factors in soil formation

Answer 9

parent material, time, climate, organisms, and slope

Question 10

does soil texture color and compostiton stay the same as you go deeper underground

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what is mass movement

Answer 11

the transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity

Question 12

hwo do geologists classify mass movement

Answer 12

the kind of material that moves , how it moves, and the speed

Question 13

What is exfoliation

Answer 13

A process in which unloading causes slabs of outer rock to separate and break loose

Question 14

Does breaking rocks into smaller pieces increase or decrease the surface area

Answer 14

Increases

Question 15

What is a common feature produced by exfoliation

Answer 15

A dome shaped rock formation

Question 15

Which factor has the greatest effect on soil formation explain?

Answer 15

Climate Becuase if it’s cold the soil is going to be hard if it’s really hot the soil will not be good but if it sunny and moist etc the soil will be good

Question 16

How does slope effect the formation of soil

Answer 16

If a slope is steep erosion is accelerated and it’s not good for plant growth cause of little moisture.
The direction too in the north if the slope faces south it receives more sunlight than north facing slopes/ same with south of slope is north recurve more sunlight

Question 16

Describe the major characteristics of A B and C horizons

Answer 16

A. Commonly known as topsoil. Has lots of insects fungi and microorganisms. Lower part is a mix of mineral matter and organic matter
B. B/subsoil contains clay particles washed out of A horizon. The lower limit for most plant roots and burrowing animals.
C. Located between B and unweathered parent material. Contains some weathered parent material. This also better resembles the parent material than A and B horizons

Question 17

Distinguish between pedalfer and pedocal

Answer 17

Pedalfer forms in temperate areas that get more than 63 cm of precipitation every year.
Pedocal is found in drier places that have grasses and brush vegetation. They generally have less clay than pedalfer.( have lots of calcite)

Question 17

Describe laterite

Answer 17

Forms in hot wet tropical areas. They have a orange and red color. When dried it becomes very hard and practically waterproof. People in Southeast Asia used this for a long time.

Question 18

What are three bad things about soil erosion

Answer 18

It removes the soil making land bad for agriculture. Creates new desserts. And pollutes waterways/ how water flows making floods more common.

Question 19

Explain how weathering and mass movements produce most landforms.

Answer 19

The weathering breaks rocks while the mass movement moves it down slope. Then I think something happens

Question 19

What is the force behind mass movements and what other things can trigger it.

Answer 19

Main thing - gravity
Others - saturation of surface materials with water, oversteep slopes, removal of vegetation, earthquakes

Question 19

What are rockfalls/ rockslides differentiate

Answer 19

Rockfalls happen when rocks or fragments of rocks fall freely through the air.
Rockslide are when a block of materials move along a inclined surface. The slide includes segments of bedrock.

Question 19

Distinguish between mudflows and earth flows

Answer 19

A mudflow is a bunch of minerals that contain a lot of water go downslope extremely fast.
And earthflow move relatively slowly with soil and rock materials saturated with water.

Question 19

How do freezing and thawing contribute to creep

Answer 19

Becuase the freezing expands while the thawing contracts which allows particles to fall to lower levels. And each deez and thaw cycle moves particles downhill.

Question 20

I’m which type of climate does mechanical weathering happen more rapidly

Answer 20

Warm and wet

Question 20

What is soils texture determined by

Answer 20

Particle size

Question 21

What are the five common mass movements

Answer 21

Rockfalls, slides, slumps, flows, creep

Question 22

what is unloading

Answer 22

when the outer layers of rock break away from the rest of the rock

Question 22

what is biological activity

Answer 22

the weakening and disintegration of rocks and minerals because of the activity of plants animals and microorganisms.

Question 22

what is a slump

Answer 22

A type of mass movement that forms a C shape.

Question 22

what is contour plowing

Answer 22

plowing along the contours of the land in order to minimize soil erosion.

Question 22

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