bio test ch 9 Flashcards
where does glycolosis occur
in the cytoplsm outside the mitochondria
where does the krebs cycle occur
in the mitochondria matrix
what does glycolysis make
pyruvic acid
when the carbons are splitting in glycolysis is energy being produced or consumed
consumed
whats in the glycolysis
the matrix
identify the reactants and products of cellular respiration
This equation summarizes how glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and usable energy (ATP) in cellular respiration.
do plants need to perform cellular respiration? why?
So, even though plants produce their own glucose through photosynthesis, they still need cellular respiration to convert that glucose into usable energy.
how do cells of the body acquire the enrgy that is stored in food
Through cellular respiration, cells efficiently convert the energy stored in food into ATP, which powers activities like muscle contraction, active transport, and biochemical reactions necessary for life.
what is the differnece between aerobic and anaerobic processes
Each process serves specific purposes in organisms, with aerobic respiration being more efficient and anaerobic processes providing quick energy when oxygen is limited.
how is energy release similar and different in an engine and a cell
While both an engine and a cell release energy from fuel, cells release energy through a slower, more controlled, and efficient process designed to maximize energy storage (ATP) rather than immediate power, as in an engine.
why does earths atmosphere not run out of oxygen
the oxygen cycle, involving photosynthesis, respiration, and natural reserves, ensures Earth’s atmosphere maintains its oxygen levels. The balance between oxygen-producing and oxygen-consuming processes sustains life and prevents oxygen from running out in the atmosphere.
how many membranes does the mitochondrion have
outer and inner membrane
what is the intermembrane space
The space between these two membranes
what is the mitochondrial matrix
the area enclosed by the inner membrane where the krebs cycle happens
what are the specific sites for glycolysis the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain in eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis: Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle: Mitochondrial matrix
Electron Transport Chain: Inner mitochondrial membrane
what are the products of glycolysis
Pyruvate: Two molecules of pyruvate (C₃H₄O₃) are produced from one molecule of glucose.
ATP: A net gain of 2 ATP molecules (4 ATP are produced, but 2 ATP are consumed during the initial steps).
NADH: Two molecules of NADH are produced, which will carry electrons to the electron transport chain in aerobic conditions.
what are the end products of krebs cycle
2 CO₂
1 ATP (or GTP)
3 NADH
1 FADH₂
what is the role of electrons from NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain
The role of electrons from NADH and FADH₂ in the electron transport chain includes:
Donating electrons to initiate the transport process.
Driving the pumping of protons to create a gradient.
Facilitating ATP production through ATP synthase.
Ultimately being transferred to oxygen to produce water, maintaining the flow of electrons in the chain.
explain why the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are beneficial to cells as compared with glycolysis alone.
Overall, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain greatly enhance the cell’s ability to extract and utilize energy from glucose, making them vital for efficient cellular metabolism.
how do the terminal electron acceptirs differ in aerobic in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
This distinction highlights the flexibility of organisms in energy production based on environmental conditions, allowing them to thrive in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments.
what is the purpose of fermentation reactions
Fermentation reactions primarily regenerate NAD⁺ to sustain glycolysis, produce ATP under anaerobic conditions, and generate various byproducts that can be beneficial for specific organisms and industries. Additionally, fermentation allows organisms to survive and thrive in environments where oxygen is scarce or absent.
what types of cells carry out alcohol fermentation
yeast bacteria and fungi cells
what are some food that are produced by lactic acid fermentation
milk yogurt saurkraut
compare fermentation with anaerobic respiration
Fermentation and anaerobic respiration are both metabolic processes that occur in the absence of oxygen, allowing cells to generate energy. However, they differ in their mechanisms, efficiency, end products, and pathways. Here’s a detailed comparison:
what is fermentation
the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance .
