bio test ch 9

Question 1

where does glycolosis occur

Answer 1

in the cytoplsm outside the mitochondria

Question 2

where does the krebs cycle occur

Answer 2

in the mitochondria matrix

Question 3

what does glycolysis make

Answer 3

pyruvic acid

Question 4

when the carbons are splitting in glycolysis is energy being produced or consumed

Answer 4

consumed

Question 5

whats in the glycolysis

Answer 5

the matrix

Question 6

identify the reactants and products of cellular respiration

Answer 6

This equation summarizes how glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and usable energy (ATP) in cellular respiration.

Question 7

do plants need to perform cellular respiration? why?

Answer 7

So, even though plants produce their own glucose through photosynthesis, they still need cellular respiration to convert that glucose into usable energy.

Question 8

how do cells of the body acquire the enrgy that is stored in food

Answer 8

Through cellular respiration, cells efficiently convert the energy stored in food into ATP, which powers activities like muscle contraction, active transport, and biochemical reactions necessary for life.

Question 9

what is the differnece between aerobic and anaerobic processes

Answer 9

Each process serves specific purposes in organisms, with aerobic respiration being more efficient and anaerobic processes providing quick energy when oxygen is limited.

Question 10

how is energy release similar and different in an engine and a cell

Answer 10

While both an engine and a cell release energy from fuel, cells release energy through a slower, more controlled, and efficient process designed to maximize energy storage (ATP) rather than immediate power, as in an engine.

Question 11

why does earths atmosphere not run out of oxygen

Answer 11

the oxygen cycle, involving photosynthesis, respiration, and natural reserves, ensures Earth’s atmosphere maintains its oxygen levels. The balance between oxygen-producing and oxygen-consuming processes sustains life and prevents oxygen from running out in the atmosphere.

Question 12

how many membranes does the mitochondrion have

Answer 12

outer and inner membrane

Question 13

what is the intermembrane space

Answer 13

The space between these two membranes

Question 14

what is the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 14

the area enclosed by the inner membrane where the krebs cycle happens

Question 15

what are the specific sites for glycolysis the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain in eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

Glycolysis: Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle: Mitochondrial matrix
Electron Transport Chain: Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 16

what are the products of glycolysis

Answer 16

Pyruvate: Two molecules of pyruvate (C₃H₄O₃) are produced from one molecule of glucose.
ATP: A net gain of 2 ATP molecules (4 ATP are produced, but 2 ATP are consumed during the initial steps).
NADH: Two molecules of NADH are produced, which will carry electrons to the electron transport chain in aerobic conditions.

Question 17

what are the end products of krebs cycle

Answer 17

2 CO₂
1 ATP (or GTP)
3 NADH
1 FADH₂

Question 18

what is the role of electrons from NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain

Answer 18

The role of electrons from NADH and FADH₂ in the electron transport chain includes:

Donating electrons to initiate the transport process.
Driving the pumping of protons to create a gradient.
Facilitating ATP production through ATP synthase.
Ultimately being transferred to oxygen to produce water, maintaining the flow of electrons in the chain.

Question 19

explain why the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are beneficial to cells as compared with glycolysis alone.

Answer 19

Overall, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain greatly enhance the cell’s ability to extract and utilize energy from glucose, making them vital for efficient cellular metabolism.

Question 20

how do the terminal electron acceptirs differ in aerobic in aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 20

This distinction highlights the flexibility of organisms in energy production based on environmental conditions, allowing them to thrive in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments.

Question 21

what is the purpose of fermentation reactions

Answer 21

Fermentation reactions primarily regenerate NAD⁺ to sustain glycolysis, produce ATP under anaerobic conditions, and generate various byproducts that can be beneficial for specific organisms and industries. Additionally, fermentation allows organisms to survive and thrive in environments where oxygen is scarce or absent.

Question 22

what types of cells carry out alcohol fermentation

Answer 22

yeast bacteria and fungi cells

Question 23

what are some food that are produced by lactic acid fermentation

Answer 23

milk yogurt saurkraut

Question 24

compare fermentation with anaerobic respiration

Answer 24

Fermentation and anaerobic respiration are both metabolic processes that occur in the absence of oxygen, allowing cells to generate energy. However, they differ in their mechanisms, efficiency, end products, and pathways. Here’s a detailed comparison:

Question 25

what is fermentation

Answer 25

the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance .