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MD3 > Women's Health Terms > Flashcards

Women's Health Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Gravidity

A

The number of pregnancies, regardless of the outcome

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2
Q

Para/parity

A

Number of babies born after 20 weeks gestation

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3
Q

GxPx format

A

Gx - total number of pregnancies regardless of outcome Px - number of pregnancies proceeding past 20 weeks

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4
Q

Grand multipara

A

Woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at 20 weeks or more

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5
Q

Abortion/miscarriage

A

Loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks

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6
Q

Labour

A

Regular, painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation

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7
Q

Caesarean section (classical and lower uterine)

A

Delivery of a baby through an incision in the upper (classical) or lower uterus

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8
Q

Hysterotomy

A

Operative delivery of a baby through a uterine incision at less than 20 weeks gestation

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9
Q

Pre-term labour

A

Labour at less than 37 weeks gestation

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10
Q

Prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before labour has begun

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11
Q

Premature prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before labour has begun, at less than 37 weeks gestation

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12
Q

ARM/AROM/SROM

A

Artificial rupture of the membranes, spontaneous rupture of the membranes

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13
Q

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A

Painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period

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14
Q

Naegle’s Rule

A

Add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period to estimate the date of confinement

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15
Q

First stage of labour

A

Beginning of labour to full cervical dilation

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16
Q

Second stage of labour

A

Full cervical dilation to birth of the baby

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17
Q

Third stage of labour

A

Birth of the baby to passage of the placenta and membranes

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18
Q

Spurious or false labour

A

Contractions that may be regular and/or painful but are not associated with cervical effacement or dilation

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19
Q

Oxytocic

A

Medication that stimulates uterine contraction

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20
Q

Tocolytic

A

Medication to stop uterine contractions

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21
Q

Induction of labour

A

The process of causing labour to commence

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22
Q

Augmentation of labour

A

Process of stimulating a labour that has already begun

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23
Q

Placenta praevia

A

Placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late second or third trimester

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24
Q

Vasa praevia

A

Fetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part

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25
Q

Antepartum haemorrhage

A

Bleeding >5ml from the vagina after 20 weeks gestation

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26
Q

Abruption

A

Separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period

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27
Q

Primary post-partum haemorrhage

A

Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml in the first 24 hours after delivery

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28
Q

Secondary post-partum haemorrhage

A

Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml after the first 24 hours after delivery

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29
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Placenta that attaches to the myometrium

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30
Q

Uterine atony

A

Abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding

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31
Q

Isoimmunisation

A

Blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of fetal red blood cells. Antibodies include D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc.

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32
Q

CTG

A

Cardiotocograph

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33
Q

Neonatal death

A

A liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation or weighing >400gm if gestation is unknown

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34
Q

Stillbirth

A

An infant born after 20 weeks gestation (or birthweight over 400gm if gestation is unknown) who did not show any signs of life after birth

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35
Q

Perinatal mortality rate

A

The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births

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36
Q

Maternal death

A

The death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days of the conclusion of the pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at delivery

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37
Q

Maternal mortality rate

A

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births

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38
Q

Infant death

A

Death of an infant between 29 days and 1 year of life

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39
Q

Station

A

The level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on abdominal palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination

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40
Q

Lie

A

The relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the uterus, eg longitudinal, oblique, transverse

41
Q

Position

A

The relationship of a defined area on the presenting part (the ‘denominator’) to the mother’s pelvis. In a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput, thus the fetal position is described as occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or right occipito-transverse (L/ROT). In a breech presentation, the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, ST).

42
Q

Presentation

A

The part of the fetus which is presenting eg vertex, breech

43
Q

Asynclitism

A

Tilt of the fetal head to the side as it presents

44
Q

Caput

A

Oedema from obstructed venous return in the fetal scalp caused by pressure of the head against the cervix

45
Q

Cervical incompetence

A

Painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour

46
Q

Nullipara

A

A woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation

47
Q

Cord prolapse

A

The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes

48
Q

Episiotomy

A

Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour

49
Q

Third degree tear

A

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter

50
Q

Second degree tear

A

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles

51
Q

Lochia

A

Vaginal discharge during the puerperium

52
Q

Oligo/polyhydramnios

A

Reduced or excess amniotic fluid

53
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A

Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy

54
Q

Eclampsia

A

A seizure in the clinical setting of preeclampsia

55
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman

56
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance

57
Q

External cephalic version

A

Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall

58
Q

Retained placenta

A

Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby

59
Q

Precipitate labour

A

Labour less than 4 hours duration

60
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head

61
Q

Puerperium

A

The 6 weeks following delivery

62
Q

Quickening

A

Maternal perception of fetal movements

63
Q

Restitution

A

Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders

64
Q

Show

A

A discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour

65
Q

Phototherapy

A

Use of standard fluorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion

66
Q

Exchange transfusion

A

Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice.

67
Q

Low birthweight baby

A

<2500gm

68
Q

Very low birthweight baby

A

<1500gm

69
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress

A

Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis

70
Q

Caesarean hysterectomy

A

Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (e.g. due to placenta accreta)

71
Q

Perimortem Caesarean section

A

Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life

72
Q

Abnormal uterine bleeding

A

An overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, which includes bleeding that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing

73
Q

Primary amenorrhoea

A

Total absence of periods

74
Q

Secondary amenorrhoea

A

No periods for 6 months or more

75
Q

Intermenstrual bleeding

A

Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or follow a cyclical pattern

76
Q

Irregular menstrual bleeding

A

Unpredictable onset of menses, with cycle variations of >20 days over a period of 1 year

77
Q

Prolonged menstrual bleeding

A

Menstrual bleeding lasting >8 days on a regular basis

78
Q

Acute abnormal uterine bleeding

A

An episode of heavy bleeding that, in the clinician’s opinion, is sufficiently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss

79
Q

Chronic abnormal uterine bleeding

A

Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration, and/or frequency and has been present for most of the past 6 months

80
Q

Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)

A

Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social, and material quality of life, occurring alone or with other symptoms. Note that this definition includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient regardless of its regularity, frequency, or duration

81
Q

Dysmenorrhoea

A

Pain during menstruation

82
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Pain during sexual intercourse

83
Q

Cervical excitation

A

Pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in the peritoneal cavity

84
Q

Cervical ectropion

A

The endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix

85
Q

Infertility

A

Failure of a couple to conceive in 1 year

86
Q

Endometriosis

A

The occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces

87
Q

Adenomyosis

A

The occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium

88
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis

89
Q

Menopause

A

The final menstrual period

90
Q

Premature menopause

A

Menopause occurring before 40 years of age

91
Q

Climacteric/perimenopause

A

The period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear

92
Q

Post-menopause

A

The time after menopause

93
Q

Lactational amenorrhoea method

A

Effective contraception method provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6 months of age and has no return of menses

94
Q

Normal menstrual cycle

A

3-7 day-long menses with average blood loss 35 mL per cycle

95
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Prolonged (>7 days) or excessive (> 80 mLs) bleeding at regular intervals

96
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Irregular and more frequent cycle

97
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Prolonged or excessive bleeding occurring at irregular and more frequent intervals

98
Q

Hypermenorrhoea

A

Periods more frequent than every 21 days

99
Q

Metrostaxis

A

Acute very heavy bleed

MD3 (133 decks)

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