Development in Children Flashcards
Describe the developmental milestones for a one-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - turns head sisde to side when supine
- FM - hands fisted
- SL - cries, starles to loud noises
- AS - calms when comforted
Describe the developmental milestones for a two-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - briefly raises head when prone
- FM - pulls at clothes
- SL - variety of coos/gurgles etc.
- AS - tracks with eyes, smiles responsively
Describe the developmental milestones for a four-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - holds head steady when sitting, rolls prone to supine
- FM - briefly holds objects
- SL - turns head towards sounds
- AS - laughs responsively
Describe the developmental milestones for a six-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - tripod sit, pivots when prone
- FM - objects hand to hand, hand to mouth
- SL - babbles
- AS - stranger anxiety, object permanence
Describe the developmental milestones for a nine-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - sits without support, stands with support
- FM - early pincer grip
- SL - mama, dada, responds to no regardless of tone
- AS - plays games e.g. peek-a-boo
Describe the developmental milestones for a 12-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - stands without support, walks holding on
- FM - neat pincer grasp, releases ball when throwing
- SL - 2 words, follows 1-step command
- AS - responds to own name, separation anxiety
Describe the developmental milestones for a 15-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - walks without support
- FM - picks up finger foods, scribbles, stacks 2 blocks
- SL - 4-5 words, communicates needs/wants
- AS - looks to see other’s reactions e.g. after falling
Describe the developmental milestones for a 18-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - runs, walks carrying toy
- FM - 3-cube stack, eats with spoon
- SL - 10 words, follows simple commands
- AS - shows affection, points to show interest
Describe the developmental milestones for a 24-month-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - walks up and down steps
- FM - tower of 6 cubes, undresses
- SL - 2-3 word phrases, understands 2-step commands
- AS - helps to dress
Describe the developmental milestones for a 3-year-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - tricycle, stairs one foot at a time, stands on one leg
- FM - copies a circle, turns pages one-by-one, dresses except buttons
- SL - combines 3+ words into sentences, recognises colour, counts to 10
- AS - knows sex, age, plays make-believe, sometimes shares
Describe the developmental milestones for a 4-year-old across the skill domains of:
- Gross motor
- Fine motor
- Speech and language
- Adaptive and social
- GM - hops, down one foot per step
- FM - copies a cross, uses scissors, buttons
- SL - speech intelligible, uses past tense
- AS - cooperative play, toilet trained by day, comforts upset people
What is cerebral palsy?
- Describes phenotype only (non-progressive motor/movement/posture disability following CNS injury, causing activity limitation). Unknown root cause
- Can be accompanied by sensation/cognition/communication/perceptive/behaviour/orthopaedic complications
What are some common elements of a cerebral palsy presentation? How can these presentations differ?
- Tone, spasticity, dystonia, choreoathetosis, deformity/contracture, hip dislocation, need for mobility aid equipment
- Individual experience, extent of brain injury, co-morbidities
How is intellectual disability defined? What do people presenting with this often have in common? How might they differ?
FSIQ - full scale intelligence quotient < or = 70
- Specific learning difficulties, difficulty managing ADLs
- Degree of disability, adaptability, associated co-morbidity
What is autism? What might people presenting with this have in common? How might they differ?
- Neurological disorder that affects normal brain function, especially social interaction and communication skills, giving rise to difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions and leisure/play activities
- Common elements - communication and social difficulties, repetitive and stereotyped behaviours
- Differing elements - co-morbidities, degree of disability, mental health issues
