Women And The ND Flashcards
What was the dominant demographic in US national politics until 1933?
Men from a White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) background
What effect did FDR’s New Deal have on women?
Opened up more job opportunities for women of all religions and backgrounds
How many women were employed in the USA in 1930?
10.7 million out of 60.6 million women
What was the employment figure for women in the USA by 1940?
12.5 million out of 65 million women
What programs did women benefit from under the New Deal?
Civilian Conservation Corps and employment in the Alphabet Agencies
What were the camps for women under the New Deal commonly known as?
‘She She She camps’
How did the number of women in ‘She She She camps’ compare to those in CCC camps?
Extremely small in comparison
Who was Eleanor Roosevelt?
The First Lady who played a significant role in shaping national policy
What role did First Ladies traditionally play in US politics before 1933?
Overwhelmingly ceremonial, supporting their husbands
How did Eleanor Roosevelt influence federal policy?
By advising her husband and championing women and ethnic minorities
What type of correspondence did Eleanor Roosevelt receive from the public?
Letters asking for necessities like clothing
What was the nature of Eleanor Roosevelt’s regular newspaper articles?
Syndicated and provided a version of a blog to the American public
How many miles did Eleanor Roosevelt travel during her husband’s presidency?
Nearly 300,000 miles
What did Eleanor Roosevelt advocate for regarding women in government?
More women should be appointed to government positions
What was established in 1936 as a female equivalent to the CCC?
‘She She She’ camps for young women
How many residential work camps for women were established under the New Deal?
90 camps
On average, how many women were employed per year in the ‘She She She’ camps?
5,000 women per year
What was Eleanor Roosevelt’s role in the National Youth Administration?
Eleanor Roosevelt supported US youth, which was crucial for the creation of the National Youth Administration to provide work and educational opportunities for young people.
What housing initiative did Eleanor Roosevelt support?
Eleanor Roosevelt worked with the PWA and the Washington DC Housing Authority to support ‘greenbelt’ towns.
What was Eleanor Roosevelt’s contribution to the Federal Arts Projects?
Eleanor Roosevelt played a key role in the Federal Arts Projects of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) from 1935 and defended them against congressional attacks.
What was the significance of the Social Security Act of 1935?
The Social Security Act of 1935 was the first federal aid program for the aged and unemployed, providing direct welfare support to American citizens.
Who was Frances Perkins?
Frances Perkins was the first woman cabinet member in US history, serving as Secretary of Labor from March 1933 to June 1945.
What role did Frances Perkins play in the New Deal?
Frances Perkins was pivotal in establishing the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), an interdepartmental New Deal agency.
Who was Mary McLeod Bethune?
Mary McLeod Bethune was a prominent black American adviser and activist, becoming FDR’s special adviser on minority affairs in 1935.
What was the ‘Black Cabinet’?
The ‘Black Cabinet’ was an informal group of federally appointed black American officials to help plan priorities for the black American community.
What was Mary McLeod Bethune’s role in the National Youth Administration?
Mary McLeod Bethune was appointed as the Director of the Negro Affairs Division of the National Youth Administration (NYA) from 1936 to 1944.
What did Mary McLeod Bethune advocate for?
Mary McLeod Bethune demanded that black American youth receive federal aid proportional to their population and campaigned for equal pay for black Americans in the federal government.
What was the state of the US economy in 1940?
By 1940, the US had staved off economic collapse and experienced a partial recovery, with unemployment at 8.1 million (14.6 percent of the workforce).
What was the trade union membership in the US in 1940?
Trade union membership rose to 8.7 million in 1940, comprising 26.9 percent of the workforce, up from 11.6 percent in 1930.
What legislation began national welfare provision in the US?
The Social Security Act of 1935 initiated the beginnings of national welfare provision.
What was the economic power distribution in the US in 1939?
In 1939, the top five corporations controlled 84.5 percent of all income generated by business, similar to 84.3 percent in 1929.
What changes occurred in high school graduation rates by 1940?
By 1940, the graduation rate for 17-year-olds had risen to 50.8 percent, compared to 29 percent in 1930.
How did higher education change during the New Deal?
The number of universities and colleges grew from 1,400 to 1,700 due to increased federal funding.
What was the impact of the New Deal on the US economy?
The New Deal halted the economic depression, but full recovery came with the onset of the Second World War.
What was the ‘cash and carry’ program?
The ‘cash and carry’ program allowed the US to supply war goods to Britain and France after amending the Neutrality Acts in September 1939.
