How Successful Was The Civil Rights Movement In Achieving More Rights For B.A 1955-63 Flashcards
What was the median income of a white family in 1953?
$4,392 per year
What was the median income of a non-white family in 1953?
$2,461 per year
By 1960, what was the median income for white families?
$5,835 per year
By 1960, what was the median income for non-white families?
$3,233 per year
What significant legal change occurred at the end of the American Civil War?
Slavery was abolished
What year was the 14th Amendment, which guaranteed equal protection under the law, ratified?
1868
What was the time period during which legal segregation was introduced in the Old South?
1877 to 1900
What were the Jim Crow Laws?
Laws discriminating against black Americans requiring segregation
What Supreme Court case reinforced legal segregation in 1896?
Plessy v Ferguson
True or False: The facilities for whites and blacks under Jim Crow laws were equal.
False
What financial barrier was introduced to prevent many black Americans from voting?
Poll taxes
What type of tests were used to discriminate against black voters?
Literacy tests
What event in 1955 highlighted segregation on public transport?
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Who was the black American woman that refused to give up her bus seat in 1955?
Rosa Parks
What city did the Montgomery Bus Boycott take place in?
Montgomery, Alabama
What was the primary purpose of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
To desegregate public transport
Fill in the blank: The ‘American Dream’ was perceived to be open to all Americans, except _______.
blacks and other non-whites
What was a characteristic of American life in the period 1955-63?
Stability
What was the main feature of teenage culture in the years 1955-63?
Beatrik
What is the value of Source 7 for historians studying the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Source 7 provides insights into the legal framework of segregation in public transport, highlighting the rules that enforced racial separation. This context is crucial for understanding the origins of the boycott.
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest from 1955 to 1956 where black Americans refused to use public transport until it was desegregated.
What was the outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The boycott led to the US Supreme Court declaring segregated public transport unconstitutional in December 1956.
Who emerged as a prominent leader during the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. rose to national prominence as a central figure in the civil rights movement during the boycott.
What organization was created as a result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was formed to mobilize support against legal segregation across the Old South.
What does Section 10 of the Montgomery City Code state?
Section 10 required equal but separate accommodations for white people and negroes on buses, allowing for racial segregation in public transport.
What significant legal case occurred in 1954 regarding segregation?
The Brown v Board of Education case outlawed segregation in public schools.
What was the timeline of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The Montgomery Bus Boycott began in 1955 and ended in 1956 with the desegregation of public transport in Montgomery.
What was the role of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
The SNCC organized lunch counter protests and other civil rights activities, contributing to the fight for racial equality.
What significant event occurred in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963?
Martin Luther King led protests against racial discrimination in Birmingham, which were pivotal in the civil rights movement.
What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
The Civil Rights Act outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, marking a major victory for the civil rights movement.
What was the Supreme Court decision that outlawed racial segregation in public schools?
The landmark US Supreme Court decision, Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, outlawed racial segregation in all public schools across the USA.
What incident occurred at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas?
An attempt to enroll nine black students led to President Eisenhower sending in troops of the 101st Airborne Division to restore order.
What happened during James Meredith’s attempt to attend the University of Mississippi?
A major confrontation occurred, requiring President J.F. Kennedy to dispatch US Marshals and troops to enforce law and order.
What were the three demands Martin Luther King focused on during the Birmingham campaign?
Desegregating lunch counters, fitting rooms and toilets in department stores; increasing hiring of black Americans in business; and creating a multiracial committee to help desegregate facilities.
What was the outcome of the non-violent demonstrations in Birmingham?
The demonstrations led to King’s arrest, which gained national attention and resulted in the federal government introducing new civil rights legislation.
What did President Kennedy emphasize in his televised speech on June 11, 1963?
He highlighted the moral issue of equal rights and opportunities for all Americans, regardless of skin color.
What was the significance of the March on Washington in August 1963?
It was a major national rally where 250,000 people, including Martin Luther King, advocated for civil rights, culminating in King’s ‘I have a dream’ speech.
What recognition did Martin Luther King receive in 1964?
He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and appeared on the front of Time magazine for his leadership in the civil rights movement.
What is the seniority rule in Congress?
The seniority rule allocates chairmanship of important committees to members with the longest continuous service in both houses of Congress.
Which group tended to serve longer in Congress during the seniority rule period?
Southern Democrats tended to serve longer as congressmen and senators.
What was the aim of the NAACP?
The NAACP aimed to improve the position of black Americans in US society.
When was the NAACP established?
The NAACP was established in 1909.
What was one of the NAACP’s most effective methods?
One effective method was using the law to secure rights promised under the US Constitution.
What landmark case did the NAACP bring to the Supreme Court?
The NAACP brought the Brown v Board of Education case of 1954 to the US Supreme Court.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a law that aimed to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
What was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
The KKK is a white supremacist organization established in 1866 that sought to maintain legal segregation.
What tactics did the KKK use against black Americans?
The KKK used intimidation, violence, and terror attacks against black Americans.
Who was Emmett Till?
Emmett Till was a black American teenager murdered in 1955 for allegedly talking to a white girl.
What happened to the alleged perpetrators of Emmett Till’s murder?
The alleged perpetrators were put on trial but acquitted.
What violent event occurred to Freedom Riders in 1961?
A Greyhound bus carrying Freedom Riders was firebombed in Anniston, Alabama by a white mob.
Who was Medgar Evers?
Medgar Evers was the NAACP secretary for Mississippi who was assassinated in 1963.
What was the role of White Citizens’ Councils?
White Citizens’ Councils opposed desegregation and had a broader base of support than the KKK.
What significant event occurred in Little Rock in September 1957?
Nine black students were prevented from attending Central High School on the first day of term.
What pressure did White Citizens’ Councils exert on politicians?
They pressured politicians to oppose school desegregation and other civil rights measures.
What was the role of White Citizens councils in the South?
They were effective at forcing southern politicians to oppose desegregation.
What federal actions were taken against desegregation in the South?
The deployment of the 101st Airborne Division in Little Rock in 1957 and the use of federal marshals and troops by President Kennedy at the University of Mississippi in 1962.
What was the primary reason for federal government intervention in desegregation?
To implement US Supreme Court decisions that declared legal segregation unconstitutional.
What percentage of school districts in the Old South were desegregated by 1963?
Only nine percent.
What was the situation regarding desegregation in Mississippi and Alabama?
The figures were even lower than nine percent due to local white opposition in state government.
Who had the responsibility for education under the US Constitution?
The states, rather than the federal government.
What is depicted in the source regarding the Ku Klux Klan?
A member of the Ku Klux Klan in Atlanta, Georgia in the early 1960s wearing the KKK uniform of white, hooded clothing, with their symbol, a fiery cross.
