Opposition To 2nd ND? Flashcards
What was a major factor that contributed to the rise of trade union militancy in the 1930s?
The Roosevelt Recession
What did FDR order at the beginning of his second term in 1937?
Substantial cuts in federal government spending
What action did the Federal Reserve Board take in response to fears of inflation in 1937?
Limited the supply of money in the US economy
What significant event occurred on October 19, 1937?
Another stock market crash
How many shares were offloaded by investors during the stock market crash of 1937?
17 million shares
By what percentage did employment in manufacturing fall during the Roosevelt Recession?
23 percent
What was the drop in GNP during the Roosevelt Recession?
13 percent
By what percentage did work relief offered by the WPA grow during the Roosevelt Recession?
500 percent
In 1936, how many strikes occurred involving how many workers?
Over 2,000 strikes involving 788,000 workers
What did the auto workers in Flint, Michigan, do in December 1936?
Occupied the factory owned by the Cleveland Fisher company
What was the phenomenon that affected US labor relations in December 1936?
A month-long sit-in by auto workers
How many strikes were recorded in 1937, and how many workers were involved?
4,470 strikes involving 1.9 million workers
What was the political stance of many union leaders during the mid-1930s?
Socialists or communists
What was the name of the presidential candidate for the Communist Party in 1936?
Earl Browder
How many votes did the Socialist candidate Norman Thomas receive in the 1936 election?
187,000 votes
True or False: The impact of socialists and communists on elections in the 1930s was significant.
False
What is a recession?
A period of slowdown in an economy, less severe than an economic depression
Fill in the blank: The Roosevelt Recession occurred during the years _______.
1937-38
What did socialists and communists seek to replace in the economy?
Private ownership of industry, agriculture, and business
What did socialists and communists hope the government would do with the USA’s wealth?
Share it more equally
Which economy did communists look to as a model during the 1930s?
The USSR
What was the Court Packing Plan?
The Court Packing Plan was FDR’s attempt in 1937 to change the composition of the US Supreme Court by forcing justices to retire at 70 and increasing the number of justices from nine to 15.
This plan aimed to allow FDR to appoint six new justices, transforming the political balance of the Court.
What was the outcome of the Court Packing Plan?
The Court Packing Plan was rejected by Congress with a vote of 70 to 20, leading to a decline in FDR’s popularity.
Despite having a Democratic majority in the Senate, the plan faced massive criticism.
What significant decision did the US Supreme Court make in March 1937?
In March 1937, the US Supreme Court upheld a minimum wage act from Washington State, marking a shift towards allowing progressive legislation.
This was one of the first instances of the Court supporting New Deal legislation.
What was upheld by the Supreme Court on April 12, 1937?
On April 12, 1937, the Supreme Court upheld the Wagner Act, a key component of the Second New Deal.
The Wagner Act was crucial for labor rights and unionization.
What happened to the Supreme Court’s opposition to the New Deal after 1937?
After 1937, the US Supreme Court no longer acted as a major opponent of the New Deal, especially after the retirement of conservative justice Willis van Devanter.
This allowed FDR to nominate a replacement and regain some influence.
What was the Third New Deal?
The Third New Deal, which occurred from 1937 to 1939, lacked the radical changes of the previous two New Deals and was influenced by FDR’s loss of support in Congress.
